Informix-ESQL/C Programmer's Manual

Informix-ESQL/C Programmer's Manual
Chapter 3: Working with Character and String Data Types

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Character and String Library Functions

The ESQL/C library contains the following character-manipulation functions. You can use these functions in your C programs to manipulate single characters and strings of bytes and characters, including variable-length expressions of the following data types:

varchar
fixed-size lvarchar

The internal structure referenced by the lvarchar pointer data type is different than the character representation of a fixed-size lvarchar variable. You must use the ifx_var() functions to manipulate lvarchar pointer variables. For more information on the ifx_var() functions, see "The lvarchar pointer and var binary Library Functions".

The functions whose names begin with by act on and return fixed-length strings of bytes. The functions whose names begin with rst and st (except stchar) operate on and return null-terminated strings. The rdownshift() and rupshift() functions also operate on null-terminated strings but do not return values.

(1 of 2)

Function Name Description
bycmpr()
Compares two groups of contiguous bytes

bycopy()
Copies bytes from one area to another

byfill()
Fills an area you specify with a character

byleng()
Counts the number of bytes in a string

ldchar()
Copies a fixed-length string to a null-terminated string

rdownshift()
Converts all letters to lowercase

rstod()
Converts a string to a double value

rstoi()
Converts a string to a short integer value

rstol()
Converts a string to a long integer value

rupshift()
Converts all letters to uppercase

stcat()
Concatenates one string to another

stchar()
Copies a null-terminated string to a fixed-length string

stcmpr()
Compares two strings

stcopy()
Copies one string to another string

stleng()
Counts the number of bytes in a string

When you compile your ESQL/C program with the esql preprocessor, it calls on the linker to link these functions to your program. The following pages describe each of these functions.

bycmpr()

The bycmpr() function compares two groups of contiguous bytes for a given length. It returns the result of the comparison as its value.

Syntax

int bycmpr(byte1,  byte2, length)

		char  *byte1;

		char  *byte2;

		int  length; 


byte1  
is a pointer to the location at which the first group of contiguous bytes starts. 

byte2  
is a pointer to the location at which the second group of contiguous bytes starts. 

length  
is the number of bytes that you want bycmpr() to compare.

Usage

The bycmpr() function performs a byte-by-byte comparison of the two groups of contiguous bytes until it finds a difference or until it compares length number of bytes. The bycmpr() function returns an integer whose value (0, -1, or +1) indicates the result of the comparison between the two groups of bytes.

The bycmpr() function subtracts the bytes of the byte2 group from those of the byte1 group to accomplish the comparison.

Return Codes

0
The two groups are identical.

-1
The byte1 group is less than the byte2 group.

+1
The byte1 group is greater than the byte2 group.

Example

This sample program is in the bycmpr.ec file in the demo directory.

/*

   * bycmpr.ec *



   The following program performs three different byte comparisons with

   bycmpr() and displays the results.

*/



#include <stdio.h>



main()

{

    int x;



    static char string1[] = "abcdef";

    static char string2[] = "abcdeg";



    static int number1 = 12345;

    static int number2 = 12367;



    static char string3[] = {0x00, 0x07, 0x45, 0x32, 0x00};

    static char string4[] = {0x00, 0x07, 0x45, 0x31, 0x00};



    printf("BYCMPR Sample ESQL Program running.\n\n");



							/* strings */

    printf("Comparing strings: String 1=%s\tString 2=%s\n", string1, string2);

    printf("  Executing: bycmpr(string1, string2, sizeof(string1))\n");

    x = bycmpr(string1, string2, sizeof(string1));

    printf("  Result = %d\n", x);



						/* ints */

    printf("Comparing numbers: Number 1=%d\tNumber 2=%d\n", number1, number2);

    printf("  Executing: bycmpr( (char *) &number1, (char *) &number2, ");

    printf("sizeof(number1))\n");

    x = bycmpr( (char *) &number1, (char *) &number2, sizeof(number1));

    printf("  Result = %d\n", x);



						/* non printable */

    printf("Comparing strings with non-printable characters:\n");

    printf("  Octal string 1=%o\tOctal string 2=%o\n", string3, string4);

    printf("  Executing: bycmpr(string3, string4, sizeof(string3))\n");

    x = bycmpr(string3, string4, sizeof(string3));

    printf("  Result = %d\n", x);



					/* bytes */

    printf("Comparing bytes: Byte string 1=%c%c\tByte string 2=%c%c\n");

    printf("  Executing: bycmpr(&string1[2], &string2[2], 2)\n");

    x = bycmpr(&string1[2], &string2[2], 2);	

    printf("  Result = %d\n", x);



    printf("\nBYCMPR Sample ESQL Program over.\n\n");

}

Example Output

BYCMPR Sample ESQL Program running.



Comparing strings: String1=abcdef      String 2=abcdeg

  Executing: bycmpr(string1, string2, sizeof(string1))

  Result = -1

Comparing numbers: Number 1=12345      Number 2=12367

  Executing: bycmpr( (char *) &number1,  (char *) &number2, sizeof(number1)

  Result = -1

Comparing strings with non-printable characters:

  Octal string 1=40300    Octal string 2=40310

  Executing: bycmpr(string3, string4, sizeof(string3))

  Result = 1

Comparing bytes: Byte string 1=cd      Byte string 2=cd

  Executing: bycmpr(&string1[2], &string2[2], 2)

  Result = 0



BYCMPR Sample ESQL Program over.

bycopy()

The bycopy() function copies a given number of bytes from one location to another.

Syntax

void bycopy(from,  to,  length)

		char  *from;

		char  *to;

		int  length; 


from
is a pointer to the first byte of the group of bytes that you want bycopy() to copy. 

to
is a pointer to the first byte of the destination group of bytes. The memory area to which to points can overlap the area to which the from argument points. In this case, ESQL/C does not preserve the value to which from points. 

length  
is the number of bytes that you want bycopy() to copy.

Important: Take care not to overwrite areas of memory adjacent to the destination area.

Example

This sample program is in the bycopy.ec file in the demo directory.

/*

   * bycopy.ec *



   The following program shows the results of bycopy() for three copy

   operations.

*/



#include <stdio.h>



char dest[20];



main()

{

    int number1 = 12345;

    int number2 = 0;

    static char string1[] = "abcdef";

    static char string2[] = "abcdefghijklmn";



    printf("BYCOPY Sample ESQL Program running.\n\n");



    printf("String 1=%s\tString 2=%s\n", string1, string2);

    printf("  Copying String 1 to destination string:\n");

    bycopy(string1, dest, strlen(string1));

    printf("  Result = %s\n\n", dest);



    printf("  Copying String 2 to destination string:\n");

    bycopy(string2, dest, strlen(string2));

    printf("  Result = %s\n\n", dest);



    printf("Number 1=%d\tNumber 2=%d\n", number1, number2);

    printf("  Copying Number 1 to Number 2:\n");

    bycopy( (char *) &number1, (char *) &number2, sizeof(int));

    printf("  Result = number1(hex) %08x, number2(hex) %08x\n",

            number1, number2);



    printf("\nBYCOPY Sample Program over.\n\n");

}

Example Output

BYCOPY Sample ESQL Program running.



String 1=abcdef  String2=abcdefghijklmn

  Copying String 1 to destination string:

  Result  = abcdef



  Copying String 2 to destination string:

  Result = abcdefghijklmn



Number 1=12345  Number2=0

  Copying Number 1 to Number 2:

  Result = number1(hex) 00003039, number2(hex) 00003039



BYCOPY Sample Program over.

byfill()

The byfill() function fills a specified area with one character.

Syntax

void byfill(to,  length,  ch)

		char  *to;

		int  length;

		char  ch; 


to
is a pointer to the first byte of the memory area that you want byfill() to fill. 

length  
is the number of times that you want byfill() to repeat the character within the area.

ch
is the character that you want byfill() to use to fill the area.

Important: Take care not to overwrite areas of memory adjacent to the area that you want byfill() to fill.

Example

This sample program is in the byfill.ec file in the demo directory.

/*

   * byfill.ec *



   The following program shows the results of three byfill() operations on an

   area that is initialized to x's.

*/



#include <stdio.h>



main()

{

    static char area[20] = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";



    printf("BYFILL Sample ESQL Program running.\n\n");



    printf("String = %s\n", area);



    printf("\nFilling string with five 's' characters:\n");

    byfill(area, 5, 's');

    printf("Result = %s\n", area);



    printf("\nFilling string with two 's' characters starting at ");

    printf("position 16:\n");

    byfill(&area[16], 2, 's');

    printf("Result = %s\n", area);



    printf("Filling entire string with 'b' characters:\n");

    byfill(area, sizeof(area)-1, 'b');

    printf("Result = %s\n", area);



    printf("\nBYFILL Sample Program over.\n\n");

}

Example Output

BYFILL Sample ESQL Program running.



String = xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx



Filling string with five 's' characters:

Result = sssssxxxxxxxxxxxxxx



Filling string with two 's' characters starting at position 16:

Result = sssssxxxxxxxxxxxssx



Filling entire string with 'b' characters:

Result = bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb



BYFILL Sample Program over.

byleng()

The byleng() function returns the number of significant characters in a string, not counting trailing blanks.

Syntax

int byleng(from,  count)

		char  *from;

		int  count; 


from
is a pointer to a fixed-length string (not null-terminated). 

count  
is the number of bytes in the fixed-length string. This does not include trailing blanks.

Example

This sample program is in the byleng.ec file in the demo directory.

/*

   * byleng.ec *



   The following program uses byleng() to count the significant characters in

   an area.

*/



#include <stdio.h>



main()

{

    int x;

    static char area[20] = "xxxxxxxxxx         ";





    printf("BYLENG Sample Program running.\n\n");



				/* initial length */

    printf("Initial string:\n");

    x = byleng(area, 15);				

    printf("  Length =  %d, String = '%s'\n", x, area);



				/* after copy */

    printf("\nAfter copying two 's' characters starting ");

    printf("at position 16:\n");

    bycopy("ss", &area[16], 2);

    x = byleng(area, 19);

    printf("  Length = %d, String = '%s'\n", x, area);



    printf("\nBYLENG Sample Program over.\n\n");

}

Example Output

BYLENG Sample Program running.



Initial string:

  Length = 10, String = 'xxxxxxxxxx         '



After copying two 's' characters starting at position 16:

  Length = 18, String =  'xxxxxxxxxx      ss '



BYLENG Sample Program over.

ldchar()

The ldchar() function copies a fixed-length string into a null-terminated string and removes any trailing blanks.

Syntax

void ldchar(from,  count,  to)

		char  *from;

		int  count;

		char  *to; 


from 
is a pointer to the fixed-length source string. 

count  
is the number of bytes in the fixed-length source string. 

to
is a pointer to the first byte of a null-terminated destination string. The to argument can point to the same location as the from argument, or to a location that overlaps the from argument. If this is the case, ldchar() does not preserve the value to which from points.

Example

This sample program is in the ldchar.ec file in the demo directory.

/*

   * ldchar.ec *



   The following program loads characters to specific locations in an array

   that is initialized to z's.  It displays the result of each ldchar()

   operation.

*/



#include <stdio.h>



main()

{

    static char src1[] = "abcd   ";

    static char src2[] = "abcd  g  ";

    static char dest[40];



    printf("LDCHAR Sample ESQL Program running.\n\n");



    ldchar(src1, stleng(src1), dest);

    printf("\tSource: [%s]\n\tDestination: [%s]\n\n", src1, dest);



    ldchar(src2, stleng(src2), dest);

    printf("\tSource: [%s]\n\tDestfination: [%s]\n", src2, dest);



    printf("\nLDCHAR Sample Program over.\n\n");

}

Example Output

LDCHAR Sample ESQL Program running.



	Source: [abcd   ]

	Destination: [abcd]



	Source: [abcd  g  ]

	Destination: [abcd  g]



LDCHAR Sample Program over.

rdownshift()

The rdownshift() function changes all the uppercase characters within a null-terminated string to lowercase characters.

Syntax

void rdownshift(s)

		char  *s; 


s  
is a pointer to a null-terminated string.

Usage

The rdownshift() function refers to the current locale to determine uppercase and lowercase letters. For the default locale, U.S. English, rdownshift() uses the ASCII lowercase (a-z) and uppercase (A-Z) letters.

GLS

If you use a nondefault locale, rdownshift() uses the lowercase and uppercase letters that the locale defines. For more information, see the Informix Guide to GLS Functionality.

Example

This sample program is in the rdownshift.ec file in the demo directory.

/*

    * rdownshift.ec *



    The following program uses rdownshift() on a string containing alpha,

    numeric and punctuation characters.

*/



#include <stdio.h>



main()

{

    static char string[] = "123ABCDEFGHIJK'.;";



    printf("RDOWNSHIFT Sample ESQL Program running.\n\n");



    printf("\tInput string...: [%s]\n", string);

    rdownshift(string);

    printf("\tAfter downshift: [%s]\n", string);



    printf("\nRDOWNSHIFT Sample Program over.\n\n");

}

Example Output

RDOWNSHIFT Sample ESQL Program running.



	Input string...: [123ABCDEFGHIJK'.;]

	After downshift: [123abcdefghijk'.;]



RDOWNSHIFT Sample Program over.

rstod()

The rstod() function converts a null-terminated string into a double value.

Syntax

int rstod(string,  double_val)

		char  *string;

		double  *double_val; 


string
is a pointer to a null-terminated string. 

double_val  
is a pointer to a double value that holds the converted value.

Return Codes

=0
The conversion was successful.

!=0
The conversion failed.

Example

This sample program is in the rstod.ec file in the demo directory.

/*

   * rstod.ec *



   The following program tries to convert three strings to doubles.

   It displays the result of each attempt.

*/



#include <stdio.h>



main()

{

    int errnum;

    char *string1 = "1234567887654321";

    char *string2 = "12345678.87654321";

    char *string3 = "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz";

    double d;



    printf("RSTOD Sample ESQL Program running.\n\n");



    printf("Converting String 1: %s\n", string1);

    if ((errnum = rstod(string1, &d)) == 0)

		printf("\tResult = %f\n\n", d);

    else

		printf("\tError %d in conversion of string 1\n\n", errnum);



    printf("Converting String 2: %s\n", string2);

    if ((errnum = rstod(string2, &d)) == 0)

		printf("\tResult = %.8f\n\n", d);

    else

		printf("\tError %d in conversion of string 2\n\n", errnum);



    printf("Converting String 3: %s\n", string3);

    if ((errnum = rstod(string3, &d)) == 0)

		printf("\tResult = %.8f\n\n", d);

    else

		printf("\tError %d in conversion of string 3\n\n", errnum);



    printf("\nRSTOD Sample Program over.\n\n");

}

Example Output

RSTOD Sample ESQL Program running.



Converting String 1: 123456788764321

	Result  =  1234567887654321.000000



Converting String 2: 12345678.87654321

	Result = 12345678.87654321



Converting String 3: zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

	Error -1213 in conversion of string 3



RSTOD Sample Program over.

rstoi()

The rstoi() function converts a null-terminated string into a short integer value.

Syntax

int rstoi(string,  ival)

		char  *string;

		int  *ival; 


string  
is a pointer to a null-terminated string. 

ival
is a pointer to an integer value that holds the converted value.

Usage

The legal range of values is from -32767 to 32767. The value -32768 is not valid because this value is a reserved value that indicates null.

If string corresponds to a null integer, ival points to the representation for a SMALLINT null. To convert a string that corresponds to a long integer, use rstol(). Failure to do so can result in corrupt data representation.

Return Codes

=0
The conversion was successful.

!=0
The conversion failed.

Example

This sample program is in the rstoi.ec file in the demo directory.

/*

   * rstoi.ec *



   The following program tries to convert three strings to integers.

   It displays the result of each conversion.

*/



#include <stdio.h>



EXEC SQL include sqltypes;



main()

{

    int err;

    int i;

    short s;



    printf("RSTOI Sample ESQL Program running.\n\n");



    i = 0;

    printf("Converting String 'abc':\n");

    if((err = rstoi("abc", &i)) == 0)

        printf("\tResult = %d\n\n", i);

    else

        printf("\tError %d in conversion of string #1\n\n", err);



    i = 0;

    printf("Converting String '32766':\n");

    if((err = rstoi("32766", &i)) == 0)

        printf("\tResult = %d\n\n", i);

    else

        printf("\tError %d in conversion of string #2\n\n", err);



    i = 0;

    printf("Converting String '':\n");

    if((err = rstoi("", &i)) == 0)

		{

        s = i;                                  /* assign to a SHORT variable */

        if (risnull(CSHORTTYPE, (char *) &s))   /* and then test for NULL */

            printf("\tResult = NULL\n\n");

        else

            printf("\tResult = %d\n\n", i);

		}

    else

        printf("\tError %d in conversion of string #3\n\n", err);



    printf("\nRSTOI Sample Program over.\n\n");

}

Example Output

RSTOI Sample ESQL Program running.



Converting String 'abc':

	Error -1213 in conversion of string #1



Converting String '32766':

	Result = 32766



Converting String '':

	Result = NULL



RSTOI Sample Program over.

rstol()

The rstol() function converts a null-terminated string into a long integer value.

Syntax

int rstol(string,  long_int)

		char  *string;

		long  *long_int; 


string
is a pointer to a null-terminated string. 

long_int  
is a pointer to a long integer value that holds the converted value.

Usage

The legal range of values is from -2,147,483,647 to 2,147,483,647. The value -2,147,483,648 is not valid because this value is a reserved value that indicates null.

Return Codes

=0
The conversion was successful.

!=0
The conversion failed.

Example

This sample program is in the rstol.ec file in the demo directory.

/*

   * rstol.ec *



   The following program tries to convert three strings to longs.  It

   displays the result of each attempt.

*/



#include <stdio.h>



EXEC SQL include sqltypes;



main()

{

    int err;

    long l;



    printf("RSTOL Sample ESQL Program running.\n\n");



    l = 0;

    printf("Converting String 'abc':\n");

    if((err = rstol("abc", &l)) == 0)

		printf("\tResult = %ld\n\n", l);

    else

		printf("\tError %d in conversion of string #1\n\n", err);



    l = 0;

    printf("Converting String '2147483646':\n");

    if((err = rstol("2147483646", &l)) == 0)

		printf("\tResult = %ld\n\n", l);

    else

		printf("\tError %d in conversion of string #2\n\n", err);



    l = 0;

    printf("Converting String '':\n");

    if((err = rstol("", &l)) == 0)

		{

		if(risnull(CLONGTYPE, (char *) &l))

			printf("\tResult = NULL\n\n", l);

		else

			printf("\tResult = %ld\n\n", l);

		}

    else

		printf("\tError %d in conversion of string #3\n\n", err);



    printf("\nRSTOL Sample Program over.\n\n");

}

Example Output

RSTOL Sample ESQL Program running.



Converting String 'abc':

	Error -1213 in conversion of string #1



Converting String '2147483646':

	Result = 2147483646



Converting String '':

	Result = NULL





RSTOL Sample Program over.

rupshift()

The rupshift() function changes all the characters within a null-terminated string to uppercase characters.

Syntax

void rupshift(s)

		char  *s; 


s  
is a pointer to a null-terminated string.

Usage

The rupshift() function refers to the current locale to determine uppercase and lowercase letters. For the default locale, U.S. English, rupshift() uses the ASCII lowercase (a-z) and uppercase (A-Z) letters.

GLS

If you use a nondefault locale, rupshift() uses the lowercase and uppercase letters that the locale defines. For more information, see the Informix Guide to GLS Functionality.

Example

This sample program is in the rupshift.ec file in the demo directory.

/*

   * rupshift.ec *



   The following program displays the result of rupshift() on a string

   of numbers, letters and punctuation.

*/



#include <stdio.h>



main()

{

    static char string[] = "123abcdefghijkl;.";



    printf("RUPSHIFT Sample ESQL Program running.\n\n");



    printf("\tInput  string: %s\n", string);

    rupshift(string);

    printf("\tAfter upshift: %s\n", string); 	/* Result */



    printf("\nRUPSHIFT Sample Program over.\n\n");

}

Example Output

RUPSHIFT Sample ESQL Program running.



	Input  string: 123abcdefghijkl;.

	After upshift: 123ABCDEFGHIJKL;.



RUPSHIFT Sample Program over.

stcat()

The stcat() function concatenates one null-terminated string to the end of another.

Syntax

void stcat(s,  dest)

		char  *s,  *dest; 


s
is a pointer to the start of the string that stcat() places at the end of the destination string. 

dest  
is a pointer to the start of the null-terminated destination string.

Example

This sample program is in the stcat.ec file in the demo directory.

/*

   * stcat.ec *



   This program uses stcat() to append user input to a SELECT statement. 

*/



#include <stdio.h>



/*

 * Declare a variable large enough to hold

 * the select statement + the value for customer_num entered from the terminal.

 */

char selstmt[80] = "select fname, lname from customer where customer_num = ";



main()

{

    char custno[11];



    printf("STCAT Sample ESQL Program running.\n\n");



    printf("Initial SELECT string:\n  '%s'\n", selstmt);



    printf("\nEnter Customer #: ");

    gets(custno);





    /*

     * Add custno to "select statement"

     */

    printf("\nCalling stcat(custno, selstmt)\n");

    stcat(custno, selstmt);

    printf("SELECT string is:\n  '%s'\n", selstmt);



    printf("\nSTCAT Sample Program over.\n\n");

}

Example Output

STCAT Sample ESQL Program running.



Initial SELECT string:

  'select fname, lname from customer where customer_num = '



Enter Customer #: 104



Calling stcat(custno, selstmt)

SELECT string is: 

  'select fname, lname from customer where customer_num = 104'



STCAT Sample Program over.

stchar()

The stchar() function stores a null-terminated string in a fixed-length string, padding the end with blanks, if necessary.

Syntax

void stchar(from,  to,  count)

		char  *from;

		char  *to;

		int  count; 


from
is a pointer to the first byte of a null-terminated source string. 

to
is a pointer to the fixed-length destination string. This argument can point to a location that overlaps the location to which the from argument points. In this case, ESQL/C discards the value to which from points. 

count  
is the number of bytes in the fixed-length destination string.

Example

This sample program is in the stchar.ec file in the demo directory.

/*

   * stchar.ec *



   The following program shows the blank padded result produced by

   stchar() function.

*/



#include <stdio.h>



main()

{

    static char src[] = "start";

    static char dst[25] = "123abcdefghijkl;.";



    printf("STCHAR Sample ESQL Program running.\n\n");



    printf("Source string: [%s]\n", src);

    printf("Destination string before stchar: [%s]\n", dst);



    stchar(src, dst, sizeof(dst) - 1);



    printf("Destination string  after stchar: [%s]\n", dst);



    printf("\nSTCHAR Sample Program over.\n\n");

}

Example Output

STCHAR Sample ESQL Program running.



Source string: [start]

Destination string before stchar: [123abcdefghijkl;.]

Destination string  after stchar: [start                     ]



STCHAR Sample Program over.

stcmpr()

The stcmpr() function compares two null-terminated strings.

Syntax

int stcmpr(s1,  s2)

		char  *s1,  *s2; 


 s1
is a pointer to the first null-terminated string. 

 s2  
is a pointer to the second null-terminated string.

Important: s1 is greater than s2 when s1 appears after s2 in the ASCII collation sequence.

Return Codes

=0
The two strings are identical.

<0
The first string is less than the second string.

>0
The first string is greater than the second string.

Example

This sample program is in the stcmpr.ec file in the demo directory.

/*

   * stcmpr.ec *



   The following program displays the results of three string

   comparisons using stcmpr().

*/



#include <stdio.h>



main()

{

    printf("STCMPR Sample ESQL Program running.\n\n");



    printf("Executing: stcmpr(\"aaa\", \"aaa\")\n");

    printf("  Result = %d", stcmpr("aaa", "aaa"));  /* equal */

    printf("\nExecuting: stcmpr(\"aaa\", \"aaaa\")\n");

    printf("  Result = %d", stcmpr("aaa", "aaaa")); /* less */

    printf("\nExecuting: stcmpr(\"bbb\", \"aaaa\")\n");

    printf("  Result = %d\n", stcmpr("bbb", "aaaa")); /* greater */



    printf("\nSTCMPR Sample Program over.\n\n");

}

Example Output

STCMPR Sample ESQL Program running.



Executing: stcmpr("aaa", "aaa")

  Result = 0

Executing: stcmpr("aaa", "aaaa")

  Result = -1

Executing: stcmpr("bbb", "aaaa")

  Result = 1



STCMPR Sample Program over.

stcopy()

The stcopy() function copies a null-terminated string from one location in memory to another location.

Syntax

void stcopy(from,  to)

		char  *from,  *to; 


from  
is a pointer to the null-terminated string that you want stcopy() to copy. 

to
is a pointer to a location in memory where stcopy() copies the string.

Example

This sample program is in the stcopy.ec file in the demo directory.

/*

   * stcopy.ec *



   This program displays the result of copying a string using stcopy().

*/



#include <stdio.h>



main()

{

    static char string[] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";



    printf("STCOPY Sample ESQL Program running.\n\n");



    printf("Initial string:\n  [%s]\n", string);         /* display dest */

    stcopy("John Doe", &string[15]);                      /* copy */

    printf("After copy of 'John Doe' to position 15:\n  [%s]\n", 

        string);      



    printf("\nSTCOPY Sample Program over.\n\n");

}

Example Output

STCOPY Sample ESQL Program running.



Initial string:

  [abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz]

After copy of 'John Doe' to position 15:

  [abcdefghijklmnoJohn Doe]



STCOPY Sample Program over.

stleng()

The stleng() function returns the length, in bytes, of a null-terminated string that you specify.

Syntax

int stleng(string)

		char  *string; 


string  
is a pointer to a null-terminated string.

Usage

The length does not include the null terminator.

Example

This sample program is in the stleng.ec file in the demo directory.

/*

   * stleng.ec *



   This  program uses stleng to find strings that are greater than 35

   characters in length.

*/



#include <stdio.h>



char *strings[] =

	{

	"Your First Season's Baseball Glove",

	"ProCycle Stem with Pearl Finish",

	"Athletic Watch w/4-Lap Memory, Olympic model",

	"High-Quality Kickboard",

	"Team Logo Silicone Swim Cap - fits all head sizes",

	};



main(argc, argv)

int argc;

char *argv[];

{

    int length, i;



    printf("STLENG Sample ESQL Program running.\n\n");



    printf("Strings with lengths greater than 35:\n");

    i = 0;

    while(strings[i])

		{

		if((length = stleng(strings[i])) > 35)

			{

			printf("  String[%d]: %s\n", i, strings[i]);

			printf("  Length: %d\n\n", length);

			}

		++i;

		}

    printf("\nSTLENG Sample Program over.\n\n");

}

Example Output

STLENG Sample ESQL Program running.

Strings with lengths greater than 35:
String[2]: Athletic Watch w/4-Lap Memory, Olympic model
Length: 44

String[4]: Team Logo Silicone Swim Cap - fits all head sizes
Length: 49

STLENG Sample Program over.

Informix-ESQL/C Programmer's ManualChapter 3: Working with Character and String Data Types Home Contents Index Master Index New Book

Character and String Library Functions

Usage

Return Codes 0 The two groups are identical. -1 The byte1 group is less than the byte2 group. +1 The byte1 group is greater than the byte2 group.

Example

Example Output

bycopy()

Example

Example Output

byfill()

Example

Example Output

byleng()

Example

Example Output

ldchar()

Example

Example Output

rdownshift()

Usage

Example Output

rstod()

Return Codes =0 The conversion was successful. !=0 The conversion failed.

Example

Example Output

rstoi()

Usage

Return Codes =0 The conversion was successful. !=0 The conversion failed.

Example

Example Output

rstol()

Usage

Return Codes =0 The conversion was successful. !=0 The conversion failed.

Example

Example Output

rupshift()

Usage

Example Output

stcat()

Example

Example Output

stchar()

Example

Example Output

stcmpr()

Return Codes =0 The two strings are identical. <0 The first string is less than the second string. >0 The first string is greater than the second string.

Example

Example Output

stcopy()

Example

Example Output

stleng()

Usage

Example Output

Informix-ESQL/C Programmer's Manual
Chapter 3: Working with Character and String Data Types

Home Contents Index Master Index New Book

Return Codes

0
The two groups are identical.

-1
The byte1 group is less than the byte2 group.

+1
The byte1 group is greater than the byte2 group.

Return Codes

=0
The conversion was successful.

!=0
The conversion failed.

Return Codes

=0
The conversion was successful.

!=0
The conversion failed.

Return Codes

=0
The conversion was successful.

!=0
The conversion failed.

Return Codes

=0
The two strings are identical.

<0
The first string is less than the second string.

>0
The first string is greater than the second string.