INFORMIX
Informix Guide to GLS Functionality
Index
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Index

A

ALS. See Asian Language Support (ALS).
ALTER TABLE statement 3-11, 3-48
Alternative date formats 2-29
Alternative time formats 2-37
ANSI compliance
level Intro-18
as formatting character 7-20
ASCII code set 1-19
Asian date. See Era-based dates.
Asian Language Support (ALS)
code-set conversion with 1-46
collation order 1-12
DBDATE support 2-7, 7-12
DBTIME support 2-20
information in systables 1-26
multibyte data 1-4
precedence of environment variables 1-25, 1-38, 1-40
reverting to 5-10
Asian language. See Multibyte character.

B

BETWEEN conditions 3-25
Binary large object (blob) 1-48, 4-7, 8-13
See also BYTE data type TEXT data type.
blob. See Binary large object (blob).
BYTE data type
code-set conversion 1-48, 4-7, 8-12
partial characters 3-39
See also Binary large object (blob).

C

.c file extension 7-4, 8-11
C compiler
8-bit clean 8-8
limitations 7-4, 8-7
multibyte characters 8-7, 8-8
non-ASCII filenames 7-4
non-ASCII source code 8-7, 8-8
See also ESQL/C compiler.
Cast 4-17
CC8BITLEVEL environment variable 2-5, 7-4, 8-10
CCSID code set. See IBM CCSID code set.
CHAR data type
code-set conversion 1-48, 4-7
collation order 1-11
difference from NCHAR 3-12
GLS aspects 3-17
performance considerations 3-16
Character
7-bit 1-8
8-bit 1-8
mismatched 1-42, A-17
multibyte. See Multibyte character.
non-ASCII. See Non-ASCII character.
nonprintable 3-13, 3-15
partial 3-36, 7-25
shifting case of 7-23
single-byte. See Single-byte character.
white space. See White space.
Character classification. See Locale, CTYPE category.
Character data
avoiding corruption of 1-48, 4-7
collation of 1-36, 3-20, A-6
converting 1-41, 1-48, 4-7
data types 3-11
equivalent characters 1-11, 3-23, 3-28, A-6
ESQL functions 7-23
interpreting 1-26, 1-36
processing with locales 1-5
See also Data.
Character set 1-8, A-18
Charmap file. See Code-set file.
CHAR_LENGTH function 3-45
Chinese locale 1-7, 1-30
chkenv utility 4-11, 5-10
Chunk 4-4, 5-4
Client application
checking a connection 1-33, 1-38, 1-47
code-set conversion 1-45, 1-46
definition of 1-6
end-user formats 1-12
establishing a connection 7-24
opening another database 1-38, 1-47
requesting a connection 1-31, 2-18
sending client locale to server 1-32, 1-39, 7-24
setting a locale 1-18, 1-24, 1-28
support for locales 1-6, 1-7
uses of client locale 1-23, 2-6
uses of database locale 1-27
verifying locales 1-45
See also ESQL/C program; ESQL/COBOL program.
Client code set 1-41, 1-45, 1-46
Client computer
client code set 1-41
code-set-conversion files 1-46
setting CLIENT_LOCALE 1-28
setting DB_LOCALE 1-28
Client locale
client code set 1-41
code set. See Client code set.
COLLATION category 1-24
CTYPE category 1-24
customizing 1-49
definition of 1-23, 1-26
determining 1-24
ESQL/C source files 7-5, 7-6
ESQL/COBOL source files 7-5, 7-6
MESSAGES category A-9
MONETARY category 1-24
NUMERIC category 1-24
sample 1-23, 1-24, 1-35
sending to database server 1-32, 7-24
setting 1-28
TIME category 1-24
See also Client application; CLIENT_LOCALE environment variable.
Client/server environment
client locale 1-32
code-set conversion 1-41, 1-44
database locale 1-33
locales of 1-18, 1-22
server-processing locale 1-34
setting environment variables 1-28
CLIENT_LOCALE environment variable
client code set 1-41
default value 1-28
ESQL filenames 7-4
ESQL source code 7-4
for NLS applications 1-37
interpreting command-line arguments 4-10, 5-9, 6-9
location of message files 2-16
precedence of 1-24, 1-39, 1-51, 1-52, 1-53, 2-16, 7-14, 7-17, 7-19
role in code-set conversion 1-45, 1-47
sending to database server 1-32
setting 1-28
syntax 2-6
with TEXT data 3-12, 3-15, 3-17, 3-18, 3-19
See also Client locale.
.cm file extension A-18, A-21
.cmo file extension A-18
cmZ.txt file A-26
.cob file extension 7-4
COBOL compiler 7-4
Code point 1-8, 1-10, 3-16
Code set
1252 1-8, 1-19, 1-21
8859-1 1-8, 1-19, 1-21, A-13
affecting filenames 2-25, 4-6, 5-6, 6-5, 7-5
ASCII 1-8, 1-19
code points 1-8, 3-16
compatible 1-6, 1-26
condensed name 1-21, 1-26, 1-49, A-12
convertible 1-29, 1-46, 1-48, 4-7
default 1-19, 1-20, 1-30
definition of 1-8
determining 1-30, 1-41
for client application 1-23
for database 1-26
for database server 1-27
in locale name 1-20, 1-21, 1-33
incompatible 1-46
multibyte 1-9, 1-30, 3-35, 3-36, 3-42, 7-25
single-byte 1-8, 1-30, 3-35, 3-38, 3-41
source 1-41, 1-42
target 1-41, 1-42
See also Client code set; Code-set conversion; Database code set; Server code set.
Coded Character Set Identifier (CCSID). See IBM CCSID code set.
Code-set conversion
by client application 1-45
by database server 1-47
character mismatches 1-42, A-17
data converted 1-48, 4-7
definition of 1-41
files. See Code-set-conversion file.
for blob data 1-48, 4-7, 8-13
for column names 1-48, 4-8
for cursor names 1-48, 4-8
for error message text 1-48, 4-8
for LVARCHAR 4-7
for SQL data types 1-48, 4-7
for SQL statements 1-48, 4-8
for statement IDs 1-48, 4-8
for stored procedure text 1-48, 4-8
for table names 1-48, 4-8
handling mismatched characters 1-42
in ESQL/C program 8-12
limitations 1-41
lossy error 1-42
performing 1-43, 1-47, 1-48, 4-7
registry file A-18, A-20
role of CLIENT_LOCALE 1-45, 1-47
role of DB_LOCALE 1-45, 1-47
role of SERVER_LOCALE 1-47
two-way A-16
Code-set file
description of A-17
listing A-26
location of A-18, A-19
object A-18
removing A-21
source A-18
Code-set order. See Collation order.
Code-set-conversion file
description of A-14
listing 1-46, A-25
location of A-15
object A-15, A-20
removing unused A-20
source 1-42, A-15, A-20
Collation
definition of 1-9
equivalence classes 1-11, 3-23, 3-28, 3-31, A-6
of character data 3-20
of NCHAR 3-12
of NVARCHAR 3-14
sort order. See Collation order.
with ALS database server 1-12, 1-26
with NLS database server 1-12, 1-26
COLLATION locale category
description of A-4, A-6
in client locale 1-24
in default locale A-4
in locale source file A-12
in server-processing locale 1-38
Collation order
code-set 1-10, 1-11, 3-16
localized 1-5, 1-10, 1-11, 1-20, 1-36, 3-16
tasks affected by 1-9
types of 1-10
Column (database)
expressions 3-34
in code-set conversion 1-48, 4-8
naming 1-5, 1-6, 3-5, 7-6
substrings 3-34, 3-39
Command-line arguments 4-10, 5-9, 6-9
Command-line conventions
elements of Intro-9
example diagram Intro-10
how to read Intro-10
Comment icons Intro-7
Comments 2-5, 3-34, 7-6
Compiler. See C compiler; ESQL/C compiler.
Compliance, with industry standards Intro-18
Conditions
BETWEEN 3-25
IN 3-27
LIKE 3-30
MATCHES 3-28
relational operator 3-24
CONNECT statement 3-5
Connection. See Database server connection.
Constraint 3-5, 7-6
Conversion modifier 1-51, 2-29, 2-37
CREATE CAST statement 4-17
CREATE DATABASE statement 3-6
CREATE DISTINCT TYPE statement 4-17
CREATE FUNCTION statement 4-17
CREATE INDEX statement 3-4, 3-6, 3-20
CREATE OPAQUE TYPE statement 4-17
CREATE OPCLASS statement 4-18
CREATE PROCEDURE statement 3-6, 3-7, 4-18
CREATE ROLE statement 3-6
CREATE ROW TYPE statement 4-18
CREATE SYNONYM statement 3-7
CREATE TABLE statement
character data types 3-11
column name in 3-5
constraint name in 3-5
MONEY columns 3-48
naming database objects 3-4
table name in 3-7
CREATE TRIGGER statement 3-7
CREATE VIEW statement 3-7
CTYPE locale category
character case 7-23
description of A-4, A-6
in client locale 1-24
in default locale A-4
in locale source file A-12
in server-processing locale 1-38
white-space characters 2-26, 2-35
Currency data. See Monetary data.
Currency notation 1-15, 1-53, 2-19
Currency symbol 1-15, 1-20, 3-49, 7-19, A-7
Cursor 1-5, 1-6, 1-48, 3-5, 4-8, 7-6
.cv file extension 1-42, A-15, A-20
.cvo file extension A-15, A-20
cvY.txt file A-25
.c_ file extension 8-11

D

.dat file extension 6-3
Data
character 3-11
converting 1-48, 4-7
corruption 2-6, 2-18
portability 6-6
transferring 1-34
See also Character data; Date data; Monetary data; Numeric data; Time data.
Data type
BLOB 4-13
BYTE 1-48, 4-7
CHAR 1-48, 3-17, 4-7
character 3-11
CLOB 4-13
code-set conversion 1-48, 4-7
collation order 1-11
complex 4-14
DATE 1-15, A-9
DATETIME 1-15, A-9
DECIMAL 1-14, A-7
distinct 4-14
FLOAT 1-14, A-7
INTEGER 1-14, A-7
internal format 1-12
locale-sensitive 1-26, 3-11, 8-6
locale-specific 1-36
locator structure 8-12
LVARCHAR 4-13
MONEY 1-14
NCHAR 1-48, 3-11, 4-7, 8-6
numeric 1-14, A-7
NVARCHAR 3-13, 8-6
NVARCHAR data type 1-48, 4-7
opaque 4-14
SMALLFLOAT 1-14, A-7
SMALLINT 1-14, A-7
smart large objects 4-13
TEXT 1-48, 3-18, 4-7
VARCHAR 3-18
VARCHAR data type 1-48, 4-7
See also individual data type names.
Database
loading 3-52
migrating from GLS 5-10
naming 3-6, 6-4, 6-7, 7-6
saving locale information 1-26
SE names 6-4, 6-6
unloading 3-52
Database code set 1-41, 1-45, 1-46
Database conversion 1-26, 5-10
Database cursor. See Cursor.
Database locale
code set. See Database code set.
database code set 1-41
in system catalog 1-26, 1-33
incompatible 1-33
sample 1-23, 1-27, 1-35
saving 1-26
setting 1-28
uses of 1-36
verifying 1-33, 1-38, 2-18
See also DB_LOCALE environment variable.
Database objects 1-6, 3-4
Database server
code-set conversion 1-47
collation 1-11
determining server-processing locale 1-31, 1-34
end-user formats 1-13
internal formats 1-12
interpreting character data 1-26
setting a locale 1-28
setting locale 1-18
support for locales 1-5, 1-7
uses of client locale 1-24, 1-31, 1-32
uses of database locale 1-26
uses of server locale 1-27, 4-3, 5-3, 6-3
using DB_LOCALE 2-18
utilities 1-6
verifying a connection 1-31, 7-24
verifying database locale 1-33, 1-38
See also INFORMIX-OnLine database server; INFORMIX-SE database server; INFORMIX-Universal Server.
Database server connection
client-locale information 1-32
establishing 1-31, 7-24
naming 3-5
sample 1-23, 1-24, 1-27, 1-44
server-processing locale 2-6
verifying 1-31, 1-33, 1-38, 7-24
warnings 1-33, 7-24
Date data
alternative formats 2-29
Asian. See Era-based dates.
customizing format of 1-50
end-user format 1-15, 1-19, 1-39, 1-50, A-9
format of A-8
locale-specific 1-6, 1-14
precedence of environment variables 1-51, 7-14
setting GL_DATE 2-25
See also Data; DATE data type; DATETIME data type; Era-based dates.
DATE data type
end-user format 1-15, 1-19, 1-50, 2-7, 2-25, A-9
era-based dates 1-51
ESQL library functions 7-8
ESQL/C functions 7-8, 7-10
ESQL/C library functions 7-9
ESQL/COBOL library routines 7-9
ESQL/COBOL routines 7-8, 7-10
extended-format strings 7-10
internal format 1-12, 1-15
precedence of environment variables 1-51, 7-14
See also Date data.
DATETIME data type
end-user format 1-15, 1-19, 1-50, 2-20, 2-35, A-9
era-based dates 1-51
ESQL library functions 7-15
ESQL/C functions 7-15
ESQL/COBOL routines 7-15
extended-format strings 7-16
formatting directives for 2-36
internal format 1-15
precedence of environment variables 1-52, 7-17
See also Date data.
DB code set. See Database code set.
DB-Access utility 1-6
dbaccess utility 4-10, 5-10, 6-9
DBAPICODE environment variable 1-45
DBCENTURY environment variable 2-29
DBCODESET environment variable 1-32, 1-37, 1-39
DBDATE environment variable
era-based dates 1-51, 2-8, 3-51
ESQL library functions 7-9
precedence of 1-24, 1-39, 1-51, 7-14
sending to database server 1-32
setting 1-50
syntax 2-7
dbexport utility 1-7, 2-25, 4-11, 5-10, 6-9
dbimport utility 4-11, 5-10, 6-9
DBLANG environment variable
precedence of 2-16
setting 1-49
syntax 2-15
dbload utility 4-11, 5-10, 6-9
DBMONEY environment variable
defining currency symbols 7-22
ESQL library functions 7-19, 7-22
precedence of 1-24, 1-39, 1-53, 7-19
sending to database server 1-32
setting 1-53
syntax 2-19
DBNLS environment variable 1-24, 1-32, 1-34, 1-39, 1-45, 1-51, 1-52, 1-53
.dbs file extension 6-3
dbschema utility 4-11, 5-10, 6-9
DBTIME environment variable
era-based dates 3-51
ESQL library functions 7-16
precedence of 1-24, 1-39, 1-52, 7-17
sending to database server 1-32
setting 1-50
syntax 2-20
with multibyte characters 2-22
DB_LOCALE environment variable
database code set 1-41
default value 1-28
precedence of 1-37
role in code-set conversion 1-45, 1-47
sending to database server 1-32
server-processing locale 1-37
setting 1-28
syntax 2-17
verifying database locale 1-33
See also Database locale.
DECIMAL data type 1-14, 1-53, A-7
Decimal separator 1-14, 1-19, 3-49, 7-19, A-7
DECLARE statement 3-5
Default locale
default code set 1-19, 1-20, 1-30, A-13
definition of 1-18
for client application 1-28
for database server 1-28
locale modifier 1-21
locale name 1-20
required A-20
DELETE statement
era-based dates 3-50
GLS considerations 3-49
WHERE clause conditions 3-50
DELIMIDENT environment variable 3-10
Delimited identifiers 3-10
DESCRIBE statement 8-14
Diagnostic file 1-27, 4-3, 5-3
Distinct data type 4-17
Documentation
related Intro-17
Documentation conventions
command-line Intro-8
icon Intro-7
sample-code Intro-11
typographical Intro-6
Documentation notes Intro-17
Documentation, types of
documentation notes Intro-17
error message files Intro-16
machine notes Intro-17
on-line manuals Intro-15
printed manuals Intro-16
related reading Intro-17
release notes Intro-17
Dollar ($) sign
as formatting character 7-20
dtcvfmasc() library function 7-15
dttofmtasc() library function 7-15

E

.ec file extension 7-4, 8-11
.eco file extension 7-4
ECO-DAT library routine 7-8, 7-9
ECO-DEF library routine 7-8, 7-10
ECO-DSH library routine 7-23
ECO-DTCVASC library routine 7-15
ECO-DTTOASC library routine 7-15
ECO-FEL library routine 7-17
ECO-FIN library routine 7-17
ECO-FMT library routine 7-8, 7-10
ECO-STR library routine 7-8, 7-9
ECO-USH library routine 7-23
End-user format
conversion modifier 2-29, 2-37
customizing 1-49
date data 1-15, 1-19, 1-50, 2-21, 2-26, 2-35, A-9
date format qualifiers 2-31
default 1-19
definition of 1-12, 1-50, 1-53
extended DATE-format strings 7-10
extended DATETIME format strings 7-16
monetary data 1-14, 1-19, 1-53, 2-19, A-8
numeric data 1-14, 1-19, A-7
printing 1-13, 1-14, 1-15, 2-33, 2-38
scanning 1-13, 1-14, 1-15, 2-32, 2-38
sending to database server 1-32, 1-39
time data 1-15, 1-19, 1-50, 2-35, A-9
time format qualifiers 2-38
English locale 1-30, A-10
See also Default locale.
Environment variable
CC8BITLEVEL 2-5
CLIENT_LOCALE 1-28, 2-6
DBAPICODE 1-45
DBCENTURY 2-29
DBCODESET 1-37, 1-39
DBDATE 2-7
DBLANG 2-15
DBMONEY 2-19
DBNLS 1-32
DBTIME 2-20
DB_LOCALE 1-28, 2-17
DELIMIDENT 3-10
ESQLMF 2-22
GLS8BITFSYS 2-23
GLS-related 2-4
GL_DATE 2-25
GL_DATETIME 2-35
LANG 1-32
locale-related 1-28
precedence for ALS 1-25, 1-38, 1-40
precedence for client locale 1-24
precedence for DATE data 1-51, 7-14
precedence for DATETIME data 1-51, 7-17
precedence for monetary data 1-53, 7-19
precedence for NLS 1-25, 1-37, 1-40
precedence for server-processing locale 1-37, 1-39
SERVER_LOCALE 1-28, 2-41
See also individual environment variable names.
Era-based dates
DATE-format functions 7-8
DATETIME-format functions 7-15
DBDATE formats 2-8, 7-9
DBTIME formats 2-21, 7-16
defined in locale A-8
definition of 1-16
extended-format strings 7-10, 7-16
GL_DATE formats 1-51, 2-29
GL_DATETIME formats 1-51
in DELETE statement 3-50
in INSERT statement 3-50
in SQL statements 3-50
in UPDATE statement 3-50
sample 1-16, 2-10, 2-12, 2-13
Error message
DATE-format 7-23
DATETIME-format 7-23
GLS-specific 7-23
in code-set conversion 1-48, 4-8
numeric-format 7-23
Error message files Intro-16
Escape character 3-32
esql command. See ESQL/C processor.
ESQL library functions
currency notation in 7-18, 7-20
DATE-format functions 7-8
DATETIME-format functions 7-15
GLS enhancements 7-7
GLS error messages 7-23
numeric-format functions 7-17
string functions 7-23
ESQL program. See ESQL/C program; ESQL/COBOL program.
esqlc command. See ESQL/C preprocessor.
esqlcobol command. See ESQL/COBOL processor.
ESQLMF environment variable 2-22, 8-10
esqlmf filter. See ESQL/C filter.
ESQL/C compiler
See also C compiler.
ESQL/C data types 1-48, 4-7, 8-5
ESQL/C filter
description of 8-7
invoking 8-9
non-ASCII characters 8-8
with CC8BITLEVEL 2-5, 8-10
with ESQLMF 2-22, 8-10
ESQL/C function library
DATE-format functions 7-8, 7-9, 7-10
DATETIME-format functions 7-15
dtcvfmtasc() 7-15
dttofmtasc() 7-15
era-based dates 7-9, 7-10
precedence for DATE data 7-14
precedence for DATETIME data 7-17
precedence for MONEY data 7-19
rdatestr() 7-8, 7-9
rdefmtdate() 7-8, 7-10
rdownshift() 7-23
rfmtdate() 7-8, 7-10
rfmtdec() 7-17
rfmtdouble() 7-17
rfmtlong() 7-17, 7-18, 7-20
rstrdate() 7-8, 7-9
rupshift() 7-23
ESQL/C library functions
rdatestr() 1-13
ESQL/C preprocessor 2-6, 8-7
ESQL/C processor
definition of 7-3
invoking ESQL/C filter 2-5, 8-10
multibyte characters 2-25, 7-4
non-ASCII filenames 2-25, 7-4
non-ASCII source code 8-10
operating-system files 7-4
with CC8BITLEVEL 2-5
with ESQLMF 2-22, 8-10
ESQL/C program
accessing NCHARs 8-6
accessing NVARCHARs 8-6
checking database connection 1-33, 7-25
comments 2-5, 7-6
compiling 8-9, 8-11
data type constants 8-13, 8-17, 8-18
filenames 7-7
handling code-set conversion 8-12
host variables 1-23, 7-6
indicator variables 7-6
literal strings 1-12, 1-23, 2-5, 7-7
non-ASCII source code 7-6
writing blobs to database 8-12
See also Client application.
ESQL/COBOL processor 2-25, 7-3, 7-4
ESQL/COBOL program
checking database connection 1-33, 7-25
comments 7-6
filenames 7-7
host variables 1-23, 7-6
indicator variables 7-6
literal strings 1-12, 1-23, 7-7
non-ASCII source code 7-6
See also Client application.
ESQL/COBOL routine library
DATE-format routines 7-8, 7-9, 7-10
DATETIME-format routines 7-15
ECO-DAT 7-8, 7-9
ECO-DEF 7-8, 7-10
ECO-DSH 7-23
ECO-DTCVASC 7-15
ECO-DTTOASC 7-15
ECO-FEL 7-17
ECO-FIN 7-17
ECO-FMT 7-8, 7-10
ECO-STR 7-8, 7-9
ECO-USH 7-23
era-based dates 7-9, 7-10
precedence for DATE data 7-14
Explain file 1-27

F

Feature icons Intro-8
FETCH statement 3-6
File
cmZ.txt A-26
code-set-conversion. See Code-set-conversion file.
code-set. See Code-set file.
cvY.txt A-25
diagnostic 1-27, 4-3, 5-3
ESQL source 7-3
Informix-proprietary 1-27
lcX.txt A-22, A-24
LOAD FROM 3-52
locale object file A-11
locale source file A-11
locale. See Locale file.
log 1-27, 4-3, 5-3, 6-3
message 1-27, 1-44, 1-49, 2-15
name of. See Filename.
registry A-18, A-20
SE data 6-3
SE index 6-3
sqexplain.out 1-27
text 3-51
UNLOAD TO 3-52
File extension
.c 7-4, 8-11
.cm A-18, A-21
.cmo A-18
.cob 7-4
.cv 1-42, A-15, A-20
.cvo A-15, A-20
.c_ 8-11
.dat 6-3
.dbs 6-3
.ec 7-4, 8-11
.eco 7-4
.idx 6-3
.iem 2-17
.lc A-11, A-12, A-15, A-20
.lco A-11, A-20
.o 8-11
Filename
7-bit clean 2-24
8-bit 6-6
8-bit clean 2-24, 4-5, 5-5, 6-4, 7-5
generating 2-23, 4-4, 5-4, 6-4, 7-4
illegal characters in 2-24
multibyte. See Filename, non-ASCII.
non-ASCII 2-23, 3-6, 4-4, 5-4, 6-4, 7-4, 7-7
validating 4-7, 5-7, 6-6
FLOAT data type 1-14, 1-53, A-7
Formatting directive
conversion modifier 1-51
conversion modifiers 2-30
field precision 2-33, 2-39
field specification 2-32, 2-33, 2-38
field width 2-33, 2-39
white space 2-27
with DBTIME 2-21
with GL_DATE 2-26
with GL_DATETIME 2-35
Format. See End-user format.
French locale 1-13, 1-14, 1-21, 1-30, 1-33, 1-38, 1-47, A-10

G

Gengo year format 1-17
German locale 1-24, 1-27, 1-30, A-10
glfiles utility
-cm option A-22, A-26
code-set files A-26
code-set-conversion files 1-46, A-25
-cv option A-22, A-25
-lc option A-22
locale files 1-21, A-22
sample output A-23, A-24, A-25, A-26
syntax A-21
Global Language Support. See GLS environment.
GLS Application Programming Interface 4-18
GLS environment
locale. See Locale.
GLS feature
available locales 1-21, 1-29
CHAR data type 3-17
character data types for host variables 8-6
client/server environment 1-18, 1-22
description of 1-3
environment variables 2-4
ESQL library functions 7-7
for ESQL/C SQL API 7-3, 8-3
for ESQL/COBOL SQL API 7-3
for INFORMIX-Universal Server 4-3
for OnLine database server 5-3
for SE database server 6-3
for SQL 3-3
functionality listed 1-5
fundamentals 1-3
GLS files A-9, A-15, A-18, A-19
GLS library 1-4
locales 1-7
managing GLS files A-1
NCHAR data type 3-11
NVARCHAR data type 3-13
TEXT data type 3-18
using character data types 3-11
VARCHAR data type 3-18
GLS locale. See Locale.
GLS8BITFSYS environment variable
for ESQL filenames 7-5
for INFORMIX-Universal Server filenames 4-5
for OnLine filenames 5-5
for SE filenames 6-4, 6-6
syntax 2-23
GL_DATE environment variable
era-based dates 1-51, 3-51
ESQL library functions 7-8
precedence of 1-24, 1-39, 1-51, 7-14
sending to database server 1-32
setting 1-50
syntax 2-25
GL_DATETIME environment variable
era-based dates 3-51
era-based dates and times 1-51
ESQL library functions 7-15
precedence of 1-24, 1-39, 1-52, 7-17
sending to database server 1-32
setting 1-50
syntax 2-35

H

Host variable
end-user formats 1-12
ESQL/C example 7-6, 8-4
naming 1-6, 3-6, 7-6, 8-4

I

IBM CCSID code set
437 1-43, A-16
819 A-13, A-16, A-19
definition of 1-43
Icons
comment Intro-7
feature Intro-8
platform Intro-8
Identifier 1-31, 3-10
See also Delimited identifiers; SQL identifier.
.idx file extension 6-3
.iem file extension 2-17
IN conditions 3-27
Index 3-6, 6-4
Indicator variable 1-6, 7-6, 8-5
Industry standards, compliance with Intro-18
Informix Code-Set Name-Mapping file. See registry file.
Informix code-set-conversion file. See Code-set-conversion file.
INFORMIXDIR environment variable
location of code-set files A-18, A-26
location of code-set-conversion files A-15, A-25
location of locale files 1-21, A-9, A-22
location of message files 2-15, 2-16
location of operating-system locales A-11
location of registry file A-19
with glfiles A-22
INFORMIX-OnLine Dynamic Server
checking filenames 5-7
chunk name 5-4
code-set conversion 1-44
diagnostic files 5-3
identifiers 1-31
log filename 5-4
message log file 5-3
multibyte characters 5-8
multibyte filenames 2-25, 5-4
NCHAR sizing restrictions 3-12
non-ASCII filenames 2-25, 5-4
operating-system files 5-3
pathnames 5-4
sample connection 1-22
support for locales 1-5
uses of server locale 5-3
using GLS8BITFSYS 2-25, 5-5
utilities 5-8
with TRIM function 8-17, 8-18
See also Database server.
INFORMIX-SE database server
compatibility issues 6-6
data file 6-3
data portability 6-6
identifiers 1-31
index file 6-3
log file 6-3
multibyte characters 6-6, 6-8
multibyte filenames 2-25
naming a database 6-7
NCHAR sizing restrictions 3-12
non-ASCII filenames 2-25, 6-4
operating-system files 6-3
support for locales 1-5
uses of server locale 6-3
using GLS8BITFSYS 2-25, 6-4
utilities 6-8
with TRIM function 8-17
See also Database server.
INFORMIX-Universal Server
checking filenames 4-7
chunk name 4-4
diagnostic files 4-3
log filename 4-4
message log file 4-3
multibyte characters 4-8
multibyte filenames 4-4
non-ASCII filenames 4-4
pathnames 4-4
uses of server locale 4-3
using GLS8BITFSYS 4-5
utilities 4-8
INSERT statement
embedded SELECT 3-50
end-user formats 1-13
era-based dates 3-50
GLS considerations 3-49
specifying quoted strings 3-33
VALUES clause 3-50
INTEGER data type 1-14, A-7
ISO8859-1 code set 1-19, 1-21

J

Japanese Imperial dates 1-16, 1-17, 1-51, 2-12, 2-13
Japanese locale 1-7, 1-28, 1-29, 1-30, 1-34, 1-38, 1-47

K

Korean locale 1-7, 1-30

L

LANG environment variable
precedence of 1-25, 1-39, 1-52, 1-53, 2-16, 2-17
sending to database server 1-32
Language
code sets 1-43
default 1-20
for client application 1-23
for database 1-26
for database server 1-27
in locale name 1-20, 1-33, A-10
.lc file extension A-11, A-12, A-15, A-20
.lco file extension A-11, A-20
lcX.txt file A-22, A-24
LC_COLLATE environment variable 1-24
LC_COLLATION environment variable 1-37
LC_CTYPE environment variable 1-24, 1-37
LC_MONETARY environment variable 1-25, 1-39, 1-53
LC_NUMERIC environment variable 1-25, 1-39
LC_TIME environment variable 1-25, 1-39, 1-51
precedence 1-52
LC_* environment variables. See the LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME environment variables individually.
LENGTH function 3-40
LIKE relational operator 1-10, 3-30
Literal matches 3-28, 3-31
Literal string 1-12, 2-5, 7-7
Load file 3-52
LOAD statement 3-6, 3-49, 3-52
Locale
alpha class 3-8
code set. See Code set.
COLLATION category. See COLLATION locale category.
CTYPE category. See CTYPE locale category.
default. See Default locale.
definition of 1-4, 1-7, 1-18
environment variables 1-28
filename A-9, A-12
for code-set conversion 1-40
for database server connections 1-31
identifying. See Locale name.
International Language Supplement 1-7
listing 1-21, A-21
locale categories A-4
locale names 1-20
MESSAGES category. See MESSAGES locale category.
MONETARY category. See MONETARY locale category.
name. See Locale name.
non-ASCII characters 1-30
NUMERIC category. See NUMERIC locale category.
operating-system A-24
operating-system compatible A-11
sample 1-30
setting 1-18, 1-28
TIME category. See TIME locale category.
uses of 1-30
U.S. English. See Default locale.
verifying 1-33, 1-38
white space Intro-14
See also Client locale; Database locale; Server locale.
Locale category. See Locale, locale categories.
Locale file
description of 1-21, A-3
listing 1-21, A-21, A-22
location of 1-21, A-9
object A-11, A-20
operating-system compatible A-11
removing unused A-20
required A-20
source A-11, A-20
Locale modifier 1-20, 1-21, 1-33, A-12
Locale name
assigning 1-28
code-set name 1-20, 1-21, 1-30, 1-33
description of 1-20
language name 1-20, 1-33, A-10
locale modifier name 1-20, 1-21, 1-33, A-12
sample 1-21
syntax 1-20
territory name 1-20, 1-33, A-10
Localized collation order. See Collation order, localized.
Locator structure 8-13
loc_buffer field 8-14
loc_t data type 8-12, 8-13
loc_type field 8-13
Log file 1-27, 4-3, 5-3, 6-3
Log filename, non-ASCII characters in 4-4, 5-4
Lossy error 1-42
LVARCHAR data type
code-set conversion 4-7

M

Machine notes Intro-17
MATCHES relational operator 1-10, 3-28
Message file
compiled 2-17
error messages Intro-16
language-specific 2-15
localized 1-49
locating at runtime 2-16
sample 1-27
specifying location of 1-49, 2-15
Message log
sample 1-44
MESSAGES locale category
description of A-4, A-9
in default locale A-5
in locale source file A-12
in server-processing locale 1-40
Microsoft 1252 code set 1-19, 1-21
Migrating
from GLS databases 5-10
to or from GLS databases 4-11, 5-10, 6-8, 6-9
Ming Guo year format 1-16, 1-51, 2-12
Modifier. See Locale modifier.
Monetary data
currency notation 1-14, 3-49, A-7
currency symbol 1-15, 1-20, 3-49, 7-19, A-7
decimal separator 1-14, 1-19, 3-49, 7-19, A-7
default scale 3-48
end-user format 1-14, 1-19, 1-39, 1-53, A-8
format of A-7
locale-specific 1-6
negative 1-15, 1-19, A-7
positive 1-15, 1-19, A-7
precedence of environment variables 1-53, 7-19
thousands separator 1-15, 1-19, 3-49, 7-19, A-7
See also Data; MONEY data type.
MONETARY locale category
currency symbol 7-20
description of A-4, A-7
end-user formats 1-15, A-7
in client locale 1-24
in default locale A-5
in locale source file A-12
in server-processing locale 1-40
numeric-formatting functions 7-19
MONEY data type
defining 3-48
end-user format 1-14, 2-19
internal format 1-14, 1-53, 3-48
precedence of environment variables 1-53, 7-19
See also Monetary data.
Multibyte character
column substrings 3-35
definition of 1-9
filtering 8-8
in cast names 4-17
in column names 1-5, 1-6, 3-5, 7-6
in comments 2-5, 7-6
in connection names 3-5
in constraint names 3-5, 7-6
in cursor names 1-5, 1-6, 3-5, 7-6
in database names 3-6, 6-4, 7-6
in delimited identifiers 3-10
in distinct-type names 4-17
in ESQL filenames 7-4
in ESQL/C source files 7-6
in ESQL/COBOL source files 7-6
in filenames 1-30, 2-23, 3-6, 4-4, 5-4, 6-4, 7-7
in function names 4-17
in host variables 1-6, 3-6, 7-6, 8-4
in index names 3-6, 6-4
in indicator variables 1-6, 7-6
in INFORMIX-Universal Server filenames 4-4
in INFORMIX-Universal Server utilities 4-8
in literal strings 2-5, 7-7
in LOAD FROM file 3-52
in NCHAR columns 3-12
in numeric formats 7-18
in NVARCHAR columns 3-15
in OnLine filenames 2-25, 5-4
in OnLine utilities 5-8, 6-8
in opaque-type names 4-17
in operator-class names 4-18
in owner names 3-8
in procedure names 4-18
in quoted strings 3-33
in role names 3-6
in row-type names 4-18
in SE filenames 2-25, 6-6
in SE utilities 6-9
in SQL comments 3-34
in SQL identifiers 3-5, 4-17
in statement IDs 1-5, 1-6, 3-6, 7-6
in stored procedures 1-5, 1-6, 3-6, 3-7
in synonym names 3-7
in table names 1-5, 1-6, 3-7, 6-4, 7-6
in triggers 3-7
in UNLOAD TO file 3-52
in view names 1-5, 1-6, 3-7, 7-6
partial characters 3-36, 7-25
processing 2-5, 8-8
representation of Intro-13
shifting case of 7-23
SQL examples Intro-13
support by C compiler 8-8
support for 1-4, 1-31
with CC8BITLEVEL 2-5
with DBTIME 2-22
with GLS8BITFSYS 2-23
See also Non-ASCII character.

N

Native Language Support (NLS)
code-set conversion with 1-45
collation order 1-12
establishing a connection 1-34
information in systables 1-26
precedence of environment variables 1-25, 1-37, 1-40
reverting to 5-10
single-byte data 1-4
NCHAR data type
code-set conversion 1-48, 4-7
collation order 1-11, 3-12
description of 3-11
difference from CHAR 3-12
in ESQL/C program 8-6
in regular expressions 1-5
inserting into database 8-6
multibyte characters 3-12
nonprintable characters 3-13
performance considerations 3-16
sizing 3-12
with numeric values 3-13
NLS. See Native Language Support (NLS).
Non-ASCII character
definition of 1-8
examples 1-30
filtering 8-8
in cast names 4-17
in column names 1-5, 1-6, 3-5, 7-6
in comments 2-5, 7-6
in connection names 3-5
in constraint names 3-5, 7-6
in cursor names 1-5, 1-6, 3-5, 7-6
in database names 3-6, 6-4, 7-6
in delimited identifiers 3-10
in distinct-type names 4-17, 4-18
in ESQL filenames 7-4
in ESQL/C source files 7-6
in ESQL/COBOL source files 7-6
in filenames 2-23, 3-6, 7-7
in host variables 1-6, 3-6, 7-6, 8-4
in index names 3-6, 6-4
in indicator variables 1-6, 7-6
in INFORMIX-Universal Server filenames 4-4
in literal strings 2-5, 7-7
in LOAD FROM file 3-52
in OnLine filenames 2-25, 5-4
in opaque-type names 4-17
in operator-class names 4-18
in owner names 3-8
in quoted strings 3-33
in role names 3-6
in row-type names 4-18
in SE filenames 2-25, 6-4
in SQL comments 3-34
in statement IDs 1-5, 1-6, 3-6, 7-6
in stored procedures 1-5, 1-6, 3-6, 3-7
in synonym names 3-7
in table names 1-5, 1-6, 3-7, 6-4, 7-6
in triggers 3-7
in UNLOAD TO file 3-52
in view names 1-5, 1-6, 3-7, 7-6
processing 2-5, 8-8
support for 1-31
with CC8BITLEVEL 2-5
with GLS8BITFSYS 2-23
See also Multibyte character.
Non-Gregorian calendar 1-16
Numeric data
currency notation in 7-18
decimal separator 1-14, 1-19, 7-19, A-7
end-user format 1-14, 1-19, 1-39, A-7
ESQL functions 7-17
format of A-7
locale-specific 1-6
negative 1-15, 1-19, A-7
positive 1-15, 1-19, A-7
thousands separator 1-15, 1-19, 7-19, A-7
See also Data.
NUMERIC locale category
alternative digits 2-31, 2-38, A-7
description of A-4, A-7
end-user formats 1-15, A-7
in client locale 1-24
in default locale A-5
in locale source file A-12
in server-processing locale 1-40
numeric-formatting functions 7-19
Numeric notation 1-15
NVARCHAR data type
code-set conversion 1-48, 4-7
collation order 1-11, 3-14
description of 3-13
difference from VARCHAR 3-14
in ESQL/C program 8-6
in regular expressions 1-5
inserting into database 8-6
multibyte characters 3-15
nonprintable characters 3-15
performance considerations 3-16
sizing 3-14

O

.o file extension 8-11
OCTET_LENGTH function 3-43
onaudit utility 4-10, 5-9
oncheck utility 4-10, 5-9
OnLine database server. See INFORMIX-OnLine Dynamic Server.
On-line manuals Intro-15
onload utility 4-10, 5-9
onlog utility 4-10, 5-9
onmode utility 1-7, 5-10
onshowaudit utility 4-10, 5-9
onspaces utility 4-10, 5-9
onstat utility 4-10, 5-9
onunload utility 4-10, 5-9
Opaque data type 4-17
Operating system
8-bit clean 2-24, 4-5, 5-5, 6-4, 7-5
character encoding 1-43
compatible locale files A-11
limitations 7-4
locales A-24
need for code-set conversion 1-43
saving disk space A-20
Operator class 4-18
ORDER BY clause (SELECT) 1-9, 3-21
Owner name 3-8

P

Partial characters 3-36, 7-25
Pathname 4-4, 5-4
Platform icons Intro-8
Precedence. See Environment variable.
PREPARE statement 3-6
Printed manuals Intro-16

Q

Quoted string 3-10, 3-33

R

Radix character. See Decimal separator.
Range matches 3-29
rdatestr() library function 1-13, 7-8, 7-9
rdefmtdate() library function 7-8, 7-10
rdownshift() library function 7-23
registry file A-18, A-20
Regular expression 1-5, 1-26
Related reading Intro-17
Relational-operator conditions 3-24
Release notes Intro-17
rfmtdate() library function 7-8, 7-10
rfmtdec() library function 7-17
rfmtdouble() library function 7-17
rfmtlong() library function 7-17, 7-18, 7-20
Role 3-6
Row data type 4-18
rstrdate() library function 7-8, 7-9
rupshift() library function 7-23

S

Sample-code conventions Intro-11
SE database server. See INFORMIX-SE database server.
secheck utility 6-9
SELECT statement
and collation order 1-9
collation of character data 3-20, 3-21
embedded 3-50
LIKE keyword 3-30
MATCHES relational operator 3-28
ORDER BY clause 1-9, 3-21
select-list columns 8-14
specifying literal matches 3-28, 3-31
specifying matches with a range 3-29
specifying quoted strings 3-33
using length functions 3-40
using TRIM 3-40, 8-16
WHERE clause 1-9, 3-24
selog utility 6-9
Server code set 1-41, 1-47, 4-6, 5-6, 6-5, 7-5
Server computer
server code set 1-41
setting DB_LOCALE 1-28
setting SERVER_LOCALE 1-28
Server locale
code set. See Server code set.
definition of 1-27
INFORMIX-Universal Server filenames 4-4
OnLine filenames 5-4
sample 1-23, 1-27, 1-35
SE filenames 6-5
server code set 1-41
setting 1-28
uses of 4-3, 5-3, 6-3
See also SERVER_LOCALE environment variable.
Server-processing locale
COLLATION category 1-38
CTYPE category 1-38
date data 1-39
definition of 1-34
determining 1-34
filename checking 4-7, 5-7, 6-6
initialization of 1-34
localized order 1-36
MESSAGES category 1-40
MONETARY category 1-40
monetary data 1-39
NUMERIC category 1-40
numeric data 1-39
precedence of environment variables 1-37, 1-39
sample 1-35
TIME category 1-40
time data 1-39
SERVER_LOCALE environment variable
default value 1-28
INFORMIX-Universal Server filenames 4-4
location of message files 2-16
OnLine filenames 5-4
precedence of 2-16
role in code-set conversion 1-47
SE filenames 6-4
server code set 1-41
setting 1-28
syntax 2-41
See also Server locale.
SET EXPLAIN statement 1-27
Single-byte character Intro-12, 1-4, 1-8, 3-35, 3-38
SMALLFLOAT data type 1-14, A-7
SMALLINT data type 1-14, A-7
Software dependencies Intro-5
Sort order. See Collation order.
Spanish locale 1-30
SQL API products
comments 7-6
ESQL library enhancements 7-7
filenames 7-7
handling non-ASCII characters 7-3
host variables 7-6
identifiers 1-31
literal strings 7-7
SQL identifier names 7-6
using GLS8BITFSYS 2-25, 7-5
SQL identifier
delimited 3-10
examples 3-9
multibyte characters 3-5, 4-17
non-ASCII characters 1-31, 7-6
owner names 3-8
rules for 3-4
SQL length function
CHAR_LENGTH 3-45
classification of 3-40
LENGTH 3-40
OCTET_LENGTH 3-43
using 3-40
SQL segments 3-7
SQL statement
CONNECT 3-5
CREATE CAST 4-17
CREATE DISTINCT TYPE 4-17
CREATE FUNCTION 4-17
CREATE INDEX 3-4, 3-6, 3-20
CREATE OPAQUE TYPE 4-17
CREATE OPCLASS 4-18
CREATE PROCEDURE 3-6, 3-7, 4-18
CREATE ROLE 3-6
CREATE ROW TYPE 4-18
CREATE SYNONYM 3-7
CREATE TABLE. See CREATE TABLE statement.
CREATE TRIGGER 3-7
CREATE VIEW 3-7
data manipulation 3-49
DECLARE 3-5
DELETE. See DELETE statement.
DESCRIBE 8-14
end-user formats in 1-12
FETCH 3-6
in code-set conversion 1-48, 4-8
INSERT. See INSERT statement.
LOAD 3-6, 3-49, 3-52
PREPARE 3-6
SET EXPLAIN 1-27
UNLOAD 3-49, 3-52
UPDATE. See UPDATE statement.
SQL utilities 4-11, 5-10, 6-9
SQLBYTES data type constant 8-13
SQLCA structure
connection warnings 1-33, 7-25
SQLWARN7 flag 1-33, 1-34, 1-38, 1-47, 7-25
sqlca structure
sqlerrm 1-48, 4-8
sqlwarn.sqlwarn7 7-25
sqlca.sqlwarn.sqlwarn7 flag 7-25
SQLCHAR data type constant 8-17
sqlda structure 8-12, 8-14
sqlda.sqlvar.sqldata field 8-15
sqlda.sqlvar.sqllen field 8-15
sqlda.sqlvar.sqlname field 8-16
SQLNVCHAR data type constant 8-17, 8-18
SQLTEXT data type constant 8-13
sqltypes.h header file 8-13, 8-18
sqlvar_struct structure
description of 8-15
sqldata field 8-15
sqllen field 8-15
sqlname field 8-16
storing column data 8-15, 8-16
SQLVCHAR data type constant 8-17, 8-18
SQLWARN7 warning flag 1-33, 1-34, 1-38, 1-47, 7-25
Statement identifier 1-5, 1-6, 1-48, 3-6, 4-8, 7-6
Stored procedure 1-5, 1-6, 1-48, 3-6, 3-7, 4-8
String. See Character data; Quoted string; Substring.
Substring 3-34, 3-39
Synonym 3-7
systables system catalog table 1-26
System catalog 1-26, 2-18

T

Table (database)
in code-set conversion 1-48, 4-8
in SE database 6-4
naming 1-5, 1-6, 3-7, 6-4, 7-6
SE names 6-6
Taiwanese dates 1-16, 1-51, 2-12
Territory 1-20, 1-33, A-10
TEXT data type
code-set conversion 1-48, 4-7
collation order 1-11
GLS aspects 3-18
in code-set conversion 8-12
partial characters 3-39
See also Binary large object (blob).
Thousands separator 1-15, 1-19, 3-49, 7-19, A-7
Time data
customizing format of 1-50
end-user format 1-15, 1-19, 1-39, 1-50, A-9
format of A-8
locale-specific 1-6, 1-14
precedence of environment variables 1-52, 7-17
with DBTIME 2-20
with GL_DATE 2-35
See also Data; DATETIME data type.
TIME locale category
description of A-4, A-8
end-user formats 1-17, A-9
era information 2-31, 2-38, A-8
in client locale 1-24
in default locale A-5
in locale source file A-12
in server-processing locale 1-40
Trigger 3-7
TRIM function 3-40, 8-16

U

UNIX environment
default code set 1-19
default locale 1-21
glfiles utility 1-21
location of message files 1-49
location of operating-system locales A-11
setting environment variables 1-28
supported code-set conversions 1-46
supported locales 1-21
Unload file 3-52
UNLOAD statement 3-49, 3-52
UPDATE statement
embedded SELECT 3-50
era-based dates 3-50
GLS considerations 3-49
SET clause 3-50
WHERE clause conditions 3-50
User-defined function 4-17
User-defined procedure 4-18
Utility
chkenv 4-11, 5-10
database server 1-6
DB-Access 1-6
dbaccess 4-10, 5-10, 6-9
dbexport 1-7, 4-11, 5-10, 6-9
dbimport 4-11, 5-10, 6-9
dbload 4-11, 5-10, 6-9
dbschema 4-11, 5-10, 6-9
glfiles 1-21, 1-46, A-21
INFORMIX-Universal Server utilities 4-8
onaudit 4-10, 5-9
oncheck 4-10, 5-9
OnLine utilities 5-8
onload 4-10, 5-9
onlog 4-10, 5-9
onmode 1-7, 5-10
onshowaudit 4-10, 5-9
onspaces 4-10, 5-9
onstat 4-10, 5-9
onunload 4-10, 5-9
SE utilities 6-8
secheck 6-9
selog 6-9
SQL utilities 4-11, 5-10, 6-9
supporting multibyte characters 4-8, 5-8, 6-8, 6-9
U.S. English locale. See Default locale.

V

VARCHAR data type
code-set conversion 1-48, 4-7
collation order 1-11
difference from NVARCHAR 3-14
GLS aspects 3-18
performance considerations 3-16
View 1-5, 1-6, 3-7, 7-6

W

Warnings 1-33, 1-34, 1-38, 1-47, 7-24
WHERE clause
and collation order 1-9
BETWEEN condition 3-25
IN condition 3-27
in DELETE statement 3-50
in INSERT statement 3-50
in UNLOAD statement 3-50
in UPDATE statement 3-50
logical predicates 3-24
relational-operator condition 3-24
White space
defined Intro-14
in formatting directives 2-26, 2-27, 2-35
in locale 2-26, A-6
multibyte Intro-14
single-byte Intro-14
trailing Intro-14
Wildcard character 3-31
Windows environments
default code set 1-19
default locale 1-21
location of message files 1-49
location of operating-system locales A-11
setting environment variables 1-29
supported code-set conversions 1-46
supported locales 1-29

X

X/Open compliance
level Intro-18

Symbols

- (minus sign)
wildcard in MATCHES clause 3-31
% (percent)
wildcard in LIKE clause 3-31
* (asterisk)
wildcard in MATCHES clause 3-31
? (question mark)
wildcard in MATCHES clause 3-31
@ (at sign) 7-20
[ ] (brackets)
wildcards in MATCHES clause 3-31
^ (caret)
wildcard in MATCHES clause 3-31
_ (underscore)
wildcard in LIKE clause 3-31



Informix Guide to GLS Functionality, version 9.1
Copyright © 1998, Informix Software, Inc. All rights reserved.