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Glossary

access method
A set of server routines that the database server uses to store and access the data in an index or a table. B-tree is the default secondary access method. Some DataBlade modules have their own access methods, with routines defined by the module.

See also primary access method, secondary access method.

B-tree index
A type of index that uses a balanced tree structure for efficient record retrieval. B-tree indexes store key data in ascending or descending order.
bounding box
A rectilinear shape that completely contains the bounded object or objects. Bounding boxes are usually stored as a set of coordinates of the same dimensionality as the bounded object or objects.
bottom-up build
The default method that the R-tree access method uses when creating an R-tree index. This method uses a fast bulk-loading algorithm to create the index.
branch page
A location on a tree structure that has at least one page below and one page above it. In an R-tree index, branch pages are located in the intermediate levels, between the root page and leaf pages.
commutator function
A Boolean function that accepts the same two arguments, in reverse order, as another Boolean function, and returns the same result. The query optimizer might choose the commutator function if it executes more quickly in a given query than the specified function.

See also negator function.

complex qualification
A WHERE clause in a query in which two or more logical operators are used on the same column on which the R-tree index is defined.
concurrency
The ability of two or more processes to access the same database simultaneously.
data object
The data that is stored in an R-tree indexed column of a table and in the R-tree index itself.
dbspace
A logical collection of one or more chunks within which you store databases and tables. Because chunks represent specific regions of disk space, the creators of databases and tables can control where their data is physically located by placing databases or tables in specific dbspaces.

See also sbspace.

degenerate bounding box
A bounding box in which one or more sides has a length of 0.
expression based fragmentation
A method of partitioning a table or index into fragments in which the result of an expression determines the fragment in which a row will reside. You fragment tables to logically distribute data and thereby improve performance of queries that use the expression in their WHERE clause.
fillfactor
An index parameter that specifies the percentage of an R-tree index page that should be filled with entries when the R-tree access method creates an R-tree index using the bottom-up build method.
functional index
An index that stores the result of executing a specified function on a table column.
INFORMIXDIR
The Informix environment variable that specifies the directory in which IBM Informix products are installed.
interface
In the DataBlade Developers Kit, a way to refer to a DataBlade module within another DataBlade module. Because an interface creates a dependency on another module, BladeManager ensures that the originating module is registered before the module that contains the interface.
key
A unique identifier. A key is a column or combination of columns whose value is unique for each row. Among the various keys available are primary keys and foreign keys.
leaf page
A location on a tree structure that has at least one page above it and no pages below it. In an R-tree index, leaf pages are located in the final levels and contain data objects and row IDs.
locking
The process of temporarily limiting access to an object (database, table, page, or row) to prevent conflicting interactions among concurrent processes. Locking helps ensure data integrity. The database server guarantees that, as long as the data is locked, no other program can modify it.
logical log
An allocation of disk space managed by the database server that contains records of all changes that were performed on a database during the period the log was active. The logical log is used to roll back transactions, recover from system failures, and restore databases from backups.
loose bounding box
A bounding box that is intentionally larger than its data object.
multi-representational data type
A data type whose storage location varies depending on the size of the data.
negator function
A Boolean function that accepts the same arguments in the same order as another Boolean function, but returns the Boolean complement. The query optimizer might choose the negator function if it executes more quickly in a given query than the specified function.

See also commutator function.

operator class
The set of operators that the database server associates with a secondary access method. When an index is created, it is associated with a particular operator class.
primary access method
A set of routines that perform table operations such as inserting, deleting, updating, and searching data. The database server provides a virtual table interface (VTI), with which advanced users can create primary access methods for virtual tables.
purpose function
One of a set of functions that an access method uses to create, search, and drop indexes, and to insert entries into an index, delete from an index, and so on.
query optimizer
A server facility that estimates the most efficient plan for executing a query in the database server. The optimizer considers the CPU cost and the I/O cost of executing a plan.
registration
The process of executing SQL statements to create DataBlade module objects or individual user-defined routines in a database and giving the database server the location of the associated shared object file. Registration makes a DataBlade module available for use by client applications that open that database.
root page
The topmost level in a tree structure. In an R-tree index, the root page can have zero or more branch pages or leaf pages below it, depending on the size of the R-tree index.
round-robin fragmentation
A method of partitioning a table or index into fragments in which the database server balances the number of rows in each fragment. As more rows are inserted, the database server determines the fragment in which they should reside.
routine signature
The information that the database server uses to identify a routine. The signature of a routine includes the type of the routine (function or procedure), the routine name, the number of parameters, the data types of the parameters, and the order of the parameters.
row ID
An integer that defines the physical location of a row. The database server assigns a unique row ID to each row in a nonfragmented table. If you want to access data in a fragmented table by row ID, you must create a row ID column.
R-tree index
A type of index that uses a tree structure based on overlapping bounding rectangles to speed access to spatial and multidimensional data types.
sbspace
A logical storage area that contains one or more chunks that store only smart large-object data.
secondary access method
A set of server functions that build, access, and manipulate an index structure: for example, a B-tree, an R-tree, or an index structure that a DataBlade module provides. Typically, a secondary access method speeds up the retrieval of data.

When an SQL query uses an index created using a secondary access method, it accesses the index using the functions defined in the operator class belonging to that access method.

See also operator class.

selectivity
The characteristic of a query that determines the fraction of the total number of rows that the query returns. The more selective the query, the smaller the fraction.
signature
See routine signature.
strategy functions
The functions for which the query optimizer can use an index scan in a query. You specify these functions in the operator class with which the index is created.
support functions
The functions that an access method uses internally to build and maintain an index structure. They are not available for use in SQL queries.
system catalog
A group of database tables that contain information about the database itself, such as the names of tables or columns in the database, the number of rows in a table, the information about indexes and database privileges, and so on.
temporary dbspace
A dbspace used to store temporary tables or other data that need not be saved between sessions.
user-defined data type
A data type that is not built-in, namely, a collection data type, row data type, opaque data type, or distinct data type.
user-defined routine
A routine, written in one of the languages that Dynamic Server supports, that provides added functionality for data types or encapsulates application logic.
variant routine
A routine that can return different values when it is invoked with the same arguments.
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