- access method
- A set of server routines that the database server uses to access and manipulate an index or a table. B-tree is the default secondary access method used by DataBlade modules. Some DataBlade modules have their own access methods, with routines defined by the module.
- See also primary access method
, secondary access method.
- access privilege
- Permission for a user to perform an operation in a specific database, table, table fragment, or column.
- ActiveX value object
- The client-side encapsulation of an opaque type and its support routines retrieved from an Informix database server, for use by a client application developer; a Microsoft Common Object Model (COM)-compliant object: that is, a self-contained binary object that provides standard interfaces to its callers.
- aggregate function
- A function that performs a mathematical operation on a set of rows selected by a query and returns a single value that contains information about those rows: for example, sum, average, or count.
- arithmetic function
- A function that returns a value by performing a mathematical operation on one or more arguments.
- See also binary arithmetic function
, unary arithmetic function.
- binary arithmetic function
- A function that performs a mathematical operation on two arguments.
- BLOB
- A smart large object data type that stores any kind of binary data, including images. The database server performs no interpretation on the contents of a BLOB column.
- See also smart large object
.
- B-tree index
- A type of index that uses a balanced tree structure for efficient record retrieval. B-tree indexes store key data in ascending or descending order.
- A B-tree index is balanced when the leaf nodes are all at the same level from the root node. The goal is to keep equal numbers of items on each side of each node to minimize the path from the root to any leaf node. As items are inserted and deleted, the B-tree is restructured to keep the nodes balanced and the search paths uniform.
- built-in data type
- A fundamental data type defined by the database server: for example, INTEGER, CHAR, or SERIAL8.
- built-in function
- A predefined, SQL-invoked function that provides some basic arithmetic and other operations, such as cos, log, or today.
- cast
- A mechanism that the database server uses to convert data from one data type to another. The server provides built-in casts that it performs automatically. Users can create both implicit and explicit casts.
- See also explicit cast
, implicit cast.
- cast function
- A function that is used to implement an implicit or explicit cast. A cast function performs the necessary operations for conversion between two data types. It must be registered as a cast with the CREATE CAST statement before it can be used.
- class
- A category of objects that have common properties and are managed through a specific system table. Informix database classes include access methods, aggregates, casts, routines, operators, tables, and types.
- client files
- The files that reside on a client workstation that accesses a DataBlade module's objects. Not all DataBlade modules have client files. Examples include client applications or client libraries that are specific to the DataBlade module.
- CLOB
- A smart large object data type that stores blocks of text items, such as ASCII or PostScript files.
- See also smart large object
.
- collection
- An instance of a collection data type; a group of elements of the same data type stored in a SET, MULTISET, or LIST.
- See also collection data type
.
- collection data type
- A complex data type that groups values, called elements, of a single data type in a column. Collection data types consist of the SET, MULTISET, or LIST type constructor and an element type, which can be any data type, including a complex data type.
- commutator function
- A Boolean function is a commutator function, f(), for another function g(), if f(b,a) returns TRUE when g(a,b) returns TRUE for all values of a and b. The optimizer might choose the commutator function f() if it executes more quickly in a given query than the specified function g().
- See also negator function
.
- complex data type
- A data type that is built from a combination of other data types using an SQL type constructor or the CREATE ROW TYPE statement, and whose components can be accessed through SQL statements. Complex data types include collection data types and row data types.
- connection
- An association between an application and a database environment, created by a CONNECT or DATABASE statement. Database servers can also have connections to one another.
- constructed data type
- A complex data type created with a type constructor, for example, a collection data type or an unnamed row data type.
- constructor
- See type constructor
.
- data type
- See built-in data type
, extended data type.
- database object
- A discrete entity within a database, such as a data type, a routine, a table, an index, or a view. Users can define database objects with the CREATE statement.
- DataBlade API
- The C application programming interface (API) for Informix Dynamic Server with Universal Data Option. The DataBlade API is used for the development of DataBlade module applications that access data stored in this kind of database. The DataBlade API sends SQL command strings to the server for execution and processes results returned by the server to the application.
- DataBlade module
- A collection of database objects and supporting code that extends an object-relational database to manage new kinds of data or add new features. A DataBlade module can include new data types, routines, casts, aggregates, access methods, SQL code, client code, and installation programs.
- distinct data type
- A data type that is created with the CREATE DISTINCT TYPE statement. A distinct data type is based on an existing opaque, built-in, distinct, or named row data type, known as its source type. The distinct data type has the same internal storage representation as its source type, but it has a different name. To compare a distinct data type with its source type requires an explicit cast. A distinct data type inherits all routines that are defined on its source type.
- element
- A member of a collection.
- See also collection data type
.
- element data type
- The data type of the elements in a collection.
- explicit cast
- A cast that requires a user to specify the CAST AS keyword or cast operator ( :: ) to convert data from one data type to another. An explicit cast requires a function if the internal storage representations of the two data types are not equivalent.
- extended data type
- A term used to refer to data types that are not built-in; namely, collection data types, row data types, opaque data types, and distinct data types.
- external function
- An external routine that can accept one or more arguments and returns a single value.
- external procedure
- An external routine that can accept one or more arguments, but does not return a value.
- external routine
- A routine written in a language external to the database (for example, C), whose body is stored outside the database but whose name and parameters are registered in the system catalog tables.
- field
- A component of a named row data type. A field has a name and a data type and is accessed in an SQL statement by using dot notation, for example, row_type_name.field_name.
- function
- A routine that can accept arguments and returns one or more values.
- See also built-in function
, routine, user-defined function.
- function overloading
- See routine overloading
.
- fundamental data type
- A data type that cannot be broken into smaller pieces by the database server using SQL statements: for example, built-in data types and opaque data types.
- Global Language Support (GLS)
- An application environment that allows Informix application-programming interfaces (APIs) and database servers to handle different languages, cultural conventions, and code sets. Developers use the GLS libraries to manage all string, currency, date, and time data types in their code. Using GLS, you can add support for a new language, character set, and encoding by editing resource files, without access to the original source code, and without rebuilding the DataBlade module or client software.
- grant privileges
- Privileges granted to one or more users. The users then have the authority to grant these same privileges to other users. A privilege list identifies the exact privileges to be granted.
- Privileges are granted or revoked on a database object using the GRANT and REVOKE statements.
- hash rule
- A user-defined algorithm that maps each row in a table to a set of hash values used to determine the fragment in which a row is stored.
- implicit cast
- A cast that the database server automatically performs to convert data from one data type to another.
- See also explicit cast
.
- index
- A structure of pointers to rows of data in a table. An index optimizes the performance of database queries by ordering rows to make access faster.
- Informix user ID
- A login user ID (login user name) that must be valid on all computer systems (operating systems) involved in the client's database access. Often referred to as the client's user ID or user name.
- Informix user password
- A user ID password that must be valid on all computer systems (operating systems) involved in the client's database access. When the client specifies an explicit user ID, most computer systems require the Informix user password to validate the user ID.
- INFORMIXDIR
- The UNIX or environment variable that specifies the directory in which the database server is installed.
- inheritance
- The property that allows a named row data type or a typed table to inherit representation (data fields and columns) and behavior (routines, operators, and rules) from a named row data type or typed table superior to it in a defined hierarchy. Inheritance allows for incremental modification, so that an object can inherit a general set of properties and then add properties that are specific to itself. Under certain circumstances, distinct data types can also have inheritance.
- input parameter
- A placeholder within a prepared statement that represents a value to be provided at the time the statement is executed.
- instantiation
- The creation of a single instance, or implementation, of an object from an interface. The interface defines an object's methods and the number and types of its attributes. When you create an object from an interface, which acts like a template, the object has real data values. For example, a database table definition is analogous to an interface, and a row of data in the table is analogous to an object.
- interface
- In the DataBlade Developers Kit, a way to reference a DataBlade module within another DataBlade module. Including an interface in a module creates a dependency on the module providing the interface. BladeManager ensures that the originating module is registered before a module that requires the interface.
- iterator function
- An external function that is invoked repeatedly by the database server. A function is an iterator function if the CREATE FUNCTION statement that created it uses the ITERATOR function modifier in the WITH clause.
- keyword
- A word that has meaning to a programming language. In Informix SQL, keywords are shown in syntax diagrams in all uppercase letters. They must be used in SQL statements exactly as shown in the syntax although they can be in either uppercase or lowercase letters.
- large object
- A data object that exceeds 255 bytes in length. A large object is logically stored in a table column but physically stored independently of the column, because of its size. Large objects can contain non-ASCII data. The recognizes two kinds of large objects: simple large objects (TEXT, BYTE) and smart large objects (CLOB, BLOB).
- See also smart large object
.
- library
- A collection of precompiled routines.
- link
- The process of combining separately compiled program modules into an executable program.
- LIST constructor
- A type constructor used to create a LIST data type.
- LIST data type
- A collection data type in which elements are ordered and duplicates are allowed.
- See also collection data type
.
- literal
- A character or numeric constant.
- locale
- A set of files that define the native-language behavior of the program at runtime. The rules are usually based on the linguistic customs of the region or the territory. The locale can be set through an environment variable that dictates output formats for numbers, currency symbols, dates, and time as well as collation order for character strings and regular expressions.
- See also Global Language Support (GLS)
.
- LVARCHAR
- A built-in data type that stores varying-length character data greater than 256 bytes. It is used for input and output casts for opaque data types. LVARCHAR supports code-set order for comparisons of character data.
- multi-representational type
- A type that intelligently switches between normal in-row data and large objects. For the , time series data is stored in-row until it reaches a user-specified threshold, then it moves to a container.
- MULTISET constructor
- A type constructor used to create a MULTISET data type.
- MULTISET data type
- A collection data type in which elements are not ordered and duplicates are allowed.
- See also collection data type
.
- named row data type
- A row data type that is created with the CREATE ROW TYPE statement and has a name. A named row data type can be used to construct a typed table and can be part of a type or table hierarchy.
- See also row data type
, unnamed row data type.
- negator function
- A Boolean function that accepts the same arguments as another Boolean function, but returns the Boolean complement. For example, if a function g(a) returns TRUE, its negator function f(a) returns FALSE.
- See also commutator function
.
- nonvariant function
- A user-defined function that always returns the same value when passed the same arguments.
- not null constraint
- A constraint on a column that specifies that the column cannot contain null values.
- object
- See database object
.
- objects script
- A file containing SQL statements that describe the objects in a DataBlade module.
- ONCONFIG file
- The file containing parameters for configuring the database server. You can specify a different name for the ONCONFIG file in the ONCONFIG environment variable.
- opaque data type
- A fundamental data type of a predefined fixed or variable length whose internal structure is not accessible through SQL statements. Opaque data types are created with the SQL statement CREATE OPAQUE TYPE. Support functions must always be defined for opaque types.
- operator
- A symbol, such as =, >, +, -, that invokes an operator function.
- operator class
- The set of operators that the database server associates with a secondary access method. When an index is created, it is associated with a particular operator class.Users with Resource privileges can create new operator classes by using the CREATE OPCLASS statement.
- operator function
- An arithmetic function that has a corresponding operator symbol. An operator function processes one to three arguments and returns a value. For example, the plus function corresponds to the "+" operator symbol.
- overloading
- See routine overloading
.
- parallel database query (PDQ)
- A query that allows Informix Dynamic Server to distribute the executions of one query among several virtual processors by dividing the query into subqueries.
- parallelizable routine
- A routine that can be executed within a parallel database query statement.
- See parallel database query (PDQ)
.
- parameter
- A variable to which a value can be assigned in a specific application. In a routine, a parameter is the placeholder for the argument values passed to the subroutine at runtime.
- polymorphism
- See routine overloading
.
- prepare script
- A file containing SQL statements that describe the DataBlade module. There are two types of prepare scripts:
- The script called prepare.sql contains information about the module that is not language-specific.
- Scripts with names in the format prepare.locale.sql contain language-specific information such as the module and vendor descriptions.
- primary access method
- A set of routines that perform table operations such as inserting, deleting, updating, and scanning data. The database server provides a virtual table interface (VTI), with which advanced users can create primary access methods for virtual tables.
- privilege
- Rights granted to specific users on specific objects within the database. A privilege list identifies the exact privileges that are applicable for a particular object and that are held by the user invoking the grant. Privileges are granted or revoked on a database object using the GRANT and REVOKE statements.
- procedure
- A routine that can accept arguments but does not return a value.
- See also external procedure
, stored procedure.
- procedure overloading
- See routine overloading
.
- promotable lock
- A lock that establishes the intent to update. When the update is about to occur, the promotable lock is changed to an exclusive lock.
- query optimizer
- A server facility that estimates the most efficient plan for executing a query in the DBMS. The optimizer considers the CPU cost and the I/O cost of executing a plan.
- registration
- Executing the SQL scripts to create DataBlade module objects in a database, and making the DataBlade module shared object file available to the database server. Registration makes a DataBlade module available for use by client applications that connect to that database.
- routine
- A named collection of program statements that perform a particular task and can accept arguments. Routines include functions, which return one or more values, and procedures, which do not return values.
- See also function
, procedure, user-defined routine.
- routine overloading
- Defining more than one routine with the same name but different parameter lists.
- routine resolution
- The process that the database server uses to determine which routine to execute, given the routine signature.
- See also routine signature
.
- routine signature
- The information that the database server uses to identify a routine. The signature of a routine includes the type of the routine (function or procedure), the routine name, the number of parameters, the data types of the parameters, and the order of the parameters. In an ANSI-compliant database, the name of the routine is specified as owner.name.
- ROW constructor
- Type constructor used to construct unnamed row data types.
- row data type
- A complex data type consisting of a group of ordered data elements (fields) of the same or different data types. The fields of a row type can be of any supported built-in or extended data type, including complex data types, except SERIAL and SERIAL8 and, in certain situations, TEXT and BYTE.
- There are two kinds of row data types:
- Named row types, created using the CREATE ROW TYPE statement
- Unnamed row types, created using the ROW constructor
- See also named row data type
, unnamed row data type.
- R-tree index
- A type of index that uses a tree structure based on overlapping bounding rectangles to speed access to spatial and multidimensional data types.
- sbspace
- A logical storage area that contains one or more chunks that store only smart large object data.
- secondary access method
- A set of server functions that build, access, and manipulate an index structure: for example, a B-tree, an R-tree, or an index structure provided by a DataBlade module. Typically, a secondary access method speeds up the retrieval of data.
- When an SQL query uses an index created on a secondary access method, it accesses the index using the set of functions belonging to that access method.
- See also operator class
.
- SET constructor
- A type constructor used to create a SET data type.
- SET data type
- A collection data type in which elements are not ordered and duplicates are not allowed.
- See also collection data type
.
- shared memory
- A portion of main memory that processes can use to communicate and share common data, thus reducing disk I/O and improving performance.
- signature
- See routine signature
.
- SLV
- Abbreviation for statement local variable.
- smart large object
- A large object that:
- is stored in an sbspace, a logical storage area that contains one or more chunks.
- has read, write, and seek properties similar to a UNIX file.
- is recoverable.
- obeys transaction isolation modes.
- can be retrieved in segments by an application.
- Smart large objects include CLOBs and BLOBs.
- SPL
- Abbreviation for Stored Procedure Language
.
- statement local variable (SLV)
- A variable for storing a value that a function returns indirectly (through a pointer), in addition to the value that the function returns directly. An SLV's scope is limited to the statement in which it is used.
- stored procedure
- A user-defined routine that is stored in a database in executable format. Stored procedures are used to execute frequently repeated tasks, to improve performance, and to monitor access to data. Stored procedures are written in Stored Procedure Language (SPL).
- Stored Procedure Language
- An Informix extension to SQL that provides flow-control features such as sequencing, branching, and looping, comparable to those features provided in the SQL/PSM standard. SPL can be used for writing DataBlade module routines.
- strategy functions
- The functions that the optimizer uses to determine what filters in a query can use a secondary access method (index).
- subquery
- A SELECT statement within a WHERE clause.
- support routines
- The routines that the database server automatically invokes to process a data type.
- The database server uses a support routine to perform operations (such as converting to and from the internal, external, and binary representations of the type) on opaque data types.
- An index access method uses a support routine in an operator class to perform operations (such as building or searching) on an index.
- system catalog
- A group of database tables that contain information about the database itself, such as the names of tables or columns in the database, the number of rows in a table, the information about indexes and database privileges, and so on.
- system-defined cast
- A cast that is built into the database server. A system-defined cast performs automatic conversions between different built-in data types.
- table
- A rectangular array of data in which each row describes a single entity and each column contains the values for each category of description. A table is sometimes referred to as a base table to distinguish it from the views, indexes, and other objects defined on the underlying table or associated with it.
- type constructor
- An SQL keyword that indicates to the database server the type of complex data to create.
- See also LIST constructor
, MULTISET constructor, ROW constructor, SET constructor.
- unary arithmetic function
- A function that performs a mathematical operation on one argument.
- unnamed row data type
- A row type created with the ROW constructor that has no defined name and no inheritance properties. Two unnamed row types are equivalent if they have the same number of fields and if corresponding fields have the same data type, even if the fields have different names.
- user-defined function
- A user-defined routine that returns a value.
- user-defined routine
- A routine, written in one of the languages that the supports, that provides added functionality for data types or encapsulates application logic.
- user-defined procedure
- A user-defined routine that does not return a value.
- user-defined virtual processor
- A virtual processor that handles the execution of the user-defined routines that are assigned to it.
- See also virtual processor
.
- value object
- A client-side copy of database data, encapsulated with accessor methods.
- variant function
- An external function that can return different values, or that can have varying side effects (such as updating a table or external file), given the same arguments.
- virtual processor
- One of the multithreaded processes that make up the database server and are similar to the hardware processors in the computer.
