Re Wher != and NULLS

Thanks Jonathan and Jack - Doesn't NULL mean the absence of value. That is different from unknown . Unknown implies that a field has a value, except nobody knows what it is. Absence of value means that something definetly has no value. To say something is unknown involves religion and GOD. Databases don't get into that sort of stuff. ciao p ****************************************************************************** Peter Wages EDS Arlington, Virginia pmwages@cais.com Work: (703) 741-7436 Home: (202) 244-3511 Anywhere is walking distance, if you have the time ******************************************************************************