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Contents

In This Introduction

About This Manual

Software Dependencies

Assumptions About Your Locale

Demonstration Database

New Features in Dynamic Server, Version 10.0

Database Server Security and Usability Enhancements

New Features in Previous Versions of Dynamic Server

Features in Dynamic Server, Version 9.4

Features in Dynamic Server, Version 9.3

Features in Dynamic Server, Version 9.21

Organizational Changes to This Manual In Version 9.2

Documentation Conventions

Typographical Conventions

Feature, Product, and Platform Markup

Syntax Diagrams

Example Code Conventions

Additional Documentation

IBM Informix Information Center

Installation Guides

Informix Error Messages

IBM Informix Dynamic Server Version 10.0 and CSDK Version 2.90 Documentation Set

Compliance with Industry Standards

IBM Welcomes Your Comments

The Database Server

Installing and Configuring the Database Server

In This Chapter

Planning for the Database Server

Considering Your Priorities

Considering Your Environment

Configuring the Operating System

Configuring Windows Memory

Modifying UNIX Kernel Parameters

Allocating Disk Space

Using Large Chunks

Creating Chunk Files on UNIX

Providing NTFS Partitions in Windows

Setting Permissions, Ownership, and Group

Creating Standard Device Names (UNIX)

Setting Environment Variables

Setting GLS Environment Variables

Setting Environment Variables on UNIX

Setting Environment Variables on Windows

Configuring Connectivity

The sqlhosts File on UNIX

The sqlhosts Registry on Windows

Configuring Connectivity Using ISA

Configuring the Database Server

Preparing the ONCONFIG Configuration File

Using Server Setup in ISA to Customize Your Configuration

Using IBM Informix Server Administrator to Update the ONCONFIG File

Using the Instance Manager to Create a New Database Server Instance (Windows)

Using the Instance Manager to Rename a Database Server Instance (Windows)

Configuring Java Support

Starting and Administering the Database Server

Starting the Database Server and Initializing Disk Space

Preparing for Automatic Startup

Preparing to Connect to Applications

Creating Storage Spaces and Chunks

Supporting Large Chunks

Setting Up Your Backup System and Storage

Performing Routine Administrative Tasks

Changing Database Server Modes

Backing Up Data and Logical-Log Files

Monitoring Activity

Checking for Consistency

Performing Additional Administrative Tasks

Using Mirroring

Managing Database-Logging Status

Managing the Logical Log

Managing the Physical Log

Managing Shared Memory

Managing Virtual Processors

Managing Parallel Database Query

Using Data Replication

Using Distributed Queries

Monitoring Database Server Activity

IBM Informix Server Administrator (ISA)

ON-Monitor (UNIX)

oncheck Utility

onperf Tool (UNIX)

UNIX Operating-System Tools

Windows Event Viewer

Windows Performance Monitor

Windows Utilities

Configuration Parameters

In This Chapter

Database Server Identification Parameters

Disk-Space Parameters

Mirror of Root Dbspace

Other Space-Management Parameters

Logging Parameters

Physical Log Parameters

Rollback and Recovery Parameters

Backup and Restore Parameters

Message-Log Parameters

Shared-Memory Parameters

Shared-Memory Size Allocation

Shared-Memory Space Allocation

Shared-Memory Buffer Control

SQL Statement Cache Usage

Decision-Support Parameters

Database Server Process Parameters

Virtual Processor Parameters

Restore Parameters

High-Availability Data-Replication Parameters

Event-Alarm Parameters

Dump Parameters (UNIX)

Directives Parameters

Connection Parameters

Security-Related Parameters

Specialized Parameters

Auditing Parameters (UNIX)

Optical Media Parameters

UNIX Parameters

Monitoring Configuration Information

Client/Server Communications

In This Chapter

Client/Server Architecture

Network Protocol

Network Programming Interface

Windows Network Domain

Database Server Connection

Multiplexed Connection

Connections That the Database Server Supports

Local Connections

Shared-Memory Connections (UNIX)

Stream-Pipe Connections (UNIX)

Named-Pipe Connections (Windows)

Local-Loopback Connections

Communication Support Services

Connectivity Files

Network-Configuration Files

Network Security Files

The sqlhosts File and the SQLHOSTS Registry Key

The sqlhosts Information

Connectivity Information

Group Information

Alternatives for TCP/IP Connections

Dynamic Server Support for IPv6 Addresses

ONCONFIG Parameters for Connectivity

DBSERVERNAME Configuration Parameter

DBSERVERALIASES Configuration Parameter

NETTYPE Configuration Parameter

Environment Variables for Network Connections

Examples of Client/Server Configurations

Using a Shared-Memory Connection (UNIX)

Using a Local-Loopback Connection

Using a Network Connection

Using Multiple Connection Types

Accessing Multiple Database Servers

Using IBM Informix MaxConnect

Initializing the Database Server

In This Chapter

Types of Initialization

Initializing Disk Space

Initialization Steps

Process Configuration File

Create Shared-Memory Portions

Initialize or Restart Shared-Memory

Initialize Disk Space

Start All Required Virtual Processors

Make Necessary Conversions

Start Fast Recovery

Start a Checkpoint

Document Configuration Changes

Create the oncfg_servername.servernum File

Drop Temporary Tblspaces

Set Forced Residency If Specified

Return Control to User

Create sysmaster Database and Prepare SMI Tables

Create the sysutils Database

Monitor Maximum Number of User Connections

Database Server Operating Modes

Changing Database Server Operating Modes

Users Permitted to Change Modes

ISA Options for Changing Modes

ON-Monitor Options for Changing Modes (UNIX)

Command-Line Options for Changing Modes

In This Chapter

Server Utility Security Before Starting on UNIX and Linux

Disabling Security Checking

Securing an Insecure Environment

Warning and Error Messages for Utility Security Checks

INFORMIXDIR Directory Permissions

Users and Group Membership for Running Dynamic Server Utilities

Setting Up Security for Local Connections to a Host

Auditing Database Events

3 3

Setting Permission to Create Databases

Limiting Denial-of-Service Flood Attacks

Using the LISTEN_TIMEOUT and MAX_INCOMPLETE_CONNECTIONS Parameters

Using the onmode -wm and onmode -wf Options to Change Parameter Values

Overview of Encryption and Encryption Options

Using Communication Support Modules (CSMs) for Password and Data Transmission Encryption

Using Column-Level Encryption

Authentication Modules

Pluggable Authentication Modules for Systems Running on UNIX or Linux

LDAP Authentie="ToC_1050" href="admin664.htm#sii22uhdr985885" class="toclink">Managing Virtual Processors

Managing Shared Memory

Replicating an Index to the Secondary Database Server

Changing the Database Server Mode

Changing the Database Server Type

Monitoring HDR Status

Using Command-Line Utilities

Using SMI Tables

Using ON-Monitor (UNIX)

Restoring Data After Media Failure Occurs

Restoring After a Media Failure on the Primary Database Server

Restoring After a Media Failure on the Secondary Database Server

Replicating An Index to the Secondary Server

Restarting HDR After a Failure

Restarting After Critical Data Is Damaged

Restarting If Critical Data Is Not Damaged

Consistency Checking

In This Chapter

Performing Periodic Consistency Checking

Verifying Consistency

Monitoring for Data Inconsistency

Retaining Consistent Level-0 Backups

Dealing with Corruption

Finding Symptoms of Corruption

Fixing Index Corruption

Fixing I/O Errors on a Chunk

Collecting Diagnostic Information

Disabling I/O Errors

Monitoring the Database Server for Disabling I/O Errors

Using the Message Log to Monitor Disabling I/O Errors

Using Event Alarms to Monitor Disabling I/O Errors

Using No Bad-Sector Mapping

Distributed Data

Multiphase Commit Protocols

In This Chapter

Transaction Managers

Using the TP/XA Library With a Transaction Manager

Using Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS/XA)

3 3

Using Dynamic Server Transaction Support for XA-Compliant, External Data Sources

Using Loosely-Coupled and Tightly-Coupled Modes

Two-Phase Commit Protocol

When the Two-Phase Commit Protocol Is Used

Two-Phase Commit Concepts

Phases of the Two-Phase Commit Protocol

How the Two-Phase Commit Protocol Handles Failures

Presumed-End Optimization

Independent Actions

Situations That Initiate Independent Action

Possible Results of Independent Action

The Heuristic Rollback Scenario

The Heuristic End-Transaction Scenario

Monitoring a Global Transaction

Two-Phase Commit Protocol Errors

Two-Phase Commit and Logical-Log Records

Logical-Log Records When the Transaction Commits

Logical-Log Records Written During a Heuristic Rollback

Logical-Log Records Written After a Heuristic End Transaction

Configuration Parameters Used in Two-Phase Commits

Function of the DEADLOCK_TIMEOUT Parameter

Function of the TXTIMEOUT Parameter

Heterogeneous Commit Protocol

Gateways That Can Participate in a Heterogeneous Commit Transaction

Enabling and Disabling of Heterogeneous Commit

How Heterogeneous Commit Works

Implications of a Failed Heterogeneous Commit

Recovering Manually from Failed Two-Phase Commit

In This Chapter

Determining If Manual Recovery Is Required

Determining If a Transaction Was Implemented Inconsistently

Determining If the Distributed Database Contains Inconsistent Data

Deciding If Action Is Needed to Correct the Situation

Example of Manual Recovery

Appendix. Accessibility

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